Light and colour

Are cardinal in the manner we Light and coloring materials have the ability to hold a profound consequence on the we perceive and synergistic with our environment, set uping us holistically, in head, organic structure, and spirit. Changing the manner we experience infinite, altering our perceptual experience of spacial definition and proportion. Light and color service as mediums for communicating and information. They aid orientation and influence motion ; differentiate infinite, set up hierarchy and indicate map ; conveys symbolic messages ; they are an look of the Zeitgeist and link us to the universe in which we live. Light and coloring materials have major impacts on our psychologically act uponing our emotion, feeling and making associations, physiologically impacting on our wellbeing on both a ocular and non ocular footing.Piturity secretory organ etc. ?One would normally tie in the above entirely with the sense of sight but both light and color induce synaesthesia, arousing associations with senses such as gustatory sensation, odor, kinaesthesia, temperature and harmonizing to some even consequence our perceptual experience of clip. The manner we comprehend and experience visible radiation and color it more complex than a simple optical stimulation. Our perceptual experience is a consequence of interplay of both physiological and the psychological factors in the witting and subconscious. We have many prepossessions and prepossessions and visible radiation and coloring material which can be formed through personal experience, be a consequence of cultural influences and/or eduction or be portion of familial make up, developed over 1000000s of twelvemonth of development. There are six basic interdependent factors which combine to give us are perceptual experience of visible radiation and coloring material, biological reactions ; the corporate unconscious ; witting symbolism and association ; cultural and idiosyncrasies ; tendencies, manners and manners ; and personal relationships and factorsBiological Chemical reactionOur biological reactions occurs non merely as a consequence of the ocular tract. Light and therefore color aslo consequence us a through nervous tract or ‘energitic ‘ tract. Through the energietic tract visible radiation and coloring material stiumli are carried straight to the encephalon and onto the pineal and putrity secretory organs, which control the production of endocrines. This in bend can consequence the likes of, metamorphosis, blood force per unit area, emphasis and aggression.The Collective Unconsciousthe corporate unconscious refers to perceptual experience which is non rationalised by our witting ideas or our ain personal experiences. Harmonizing to Jungian psycholgy â€Å" the corporate unconscious is the portion of our psche that has nil to make with witting or unconscious reaction based on personal experience amessed during our life clip † The corporate unconscious consists of architypes, aboriginal and latent images, feelings and associations, in our gentic do up. Sensitivities devloped thorugh 1000000s of old ages development and the development of our species and do us to construe the environment in same manner our predecessor The writers Hall and Nordby depict it as: â€Å" the corporate unconscious is a reservoir of latent images, normally called aboriginal images by Jung. Aboriginal mean the ‘first ‘ or the ‘original ‘ therefore the aboriginal image refer to the earliest development of the mind. Man inherits these images from his hereditary yesteryear, a past that includes all of human ascendants every bit good as his prehuman or carnal ascendants. † add more?Conscious SymbolismFunadmental associations and feelings made in the witting. There are many associations to certain coloring material with are universally, and are read the same no affair the civilization or eduction, for illustration xanthous with light, bluish with the Sun and green with nature. The symbolism of the visible radiation and coloring material can be particulary important in the field of architecture due to there connects to arousing temper and feeling. Light and color suggest heat or imperturbability, alter one perceptual experience of whether a room is friendly, etcCultural influencesAlthough there are many coloring materials associations which are cosmopolitan, we must besides see how different civilization have different associations for some colorss. For illustration Japanese civilization tends to be more antiphonal to softer colorss, prehaps this relates to a greater grasp of materiality. Indian civilization on the other manus has a greater affinity to loud, bright and graphic color. There are besides certain colorss which gain greater significance in a certain coloring material. An illustration of this is the spiritual importance of green in Islam.Tendencies Fashion and StyleOur reading and perfernces of coloring material can impact by what is in trend at a peculiar clip. Tendencies in the reinforced environment tend to alter on a less regular footing than in other. Although responsing to tendencies in designer and interior design may non ensue in making the most good environmets as different enviroments have different demands, tendencies can be of import in bring forthing a sense of zeigheist. Such as?Personal Relationships and FactorsOur relationship to infinite is extremely influenced by personal and subjective factors such as personal dispostion and specific personal experience, for illustration one would normally tie in blue with imperturbability but if burnt by a bluish object may bring on an connexion to heat. Other personal factors can alter perceptual e xperiences of light coloring materials include sensitiveness, age, character and disposition and are physical and psychological brand up. Colour psychological science can be separated in to interlinked subdivisions, applied color psychological science and ‘depth color psychological science ‘ applied color psychological science is the 1 that by and large applies to architecture. It deals with the execution of the preset psychological effects to make a spacial atmosphere to bring forth psychical benefits therefore physiological benefits, or to convey a specific imagination. More?Symbolism and imagination of visible radiation and coloring material.â€Å" For it is through symbols that adult male finds his manner out of his peculiar state of affairs and ‘opens himself ‘ to the general and the universal. Symbols awaken an single experience and transmit into a religious act, into a metaphysical comprehension of the universe † – Mircea Eliade For 1000s of old ages natural visible radiation has been used for its powerful associations, for early adult male light held more significance than possibly any other clip, it was the giver of life and revered to the extent of idolizing the Sun. Its significance nevertheless has diminished particularly since the invasion of unreal visible radiation Light can be regarded as metaphorical in raising ideas of another topographic point or impression. It can be symbolic, stand foring something else frequently that which immaterial such as eternity, and frequently symbolic of that which we do non to the full comprehend. Light has the quality to bring forth a power passing province of being.For nexus to times season Zeitgeist?Dark is besides of import in this experience non merely as a contrast excessively dark but in its ain symbolism and representations, and the provinces of head it creates, the deficiency of light suppress the ocular, rising the other senses. Strong darkness presents the unknown taking to provinces of apprehensiveness, malaise and even to phobia. The interplay of light and dark can take to the the creative activity of contemplative or theatrical visible radiation. Luis Barragan advocates the usage of what he calls half-light â€Å" designers are burying the human demand for half-light the kind of visible radiation that imposes a tranquility, in their life suites every bit good as their sleeping rooms†¦ we should seek to retrieve mental and religious easiness and to relieve anxiousness, the outstanding feature of these agitated times, and the pleasances of thought, working, discoursing are heightened by the absence of glowering visible radiation † One of the few civilizations in which the design of such environments is prevailing is in Nipponese traditions. Quotation mark for in congratulations of shadows and illustration? Another manner to make topographic points of contemplation is to utilize diffuse or baffled light, bring forthing a degree of uniformity â€Å" contemplation is nourished by the deficiency of distractions †Metaphorical LightMetaphorical visible radiation extends the function of light beyond that of merely of disclosure, it denotes light that is used to raise a visions of a different vicinity, for illustration its can be used to as a representation of nature, film overing boundaries giving one the feeling that they are non in a interior scene. The usage of metaphorical lighting is vivid in the plants of artist Edward Hopper. In his painting New York Movie, Hopper uses contrasts in visible radiation to distinguish between the fanstay universe of the theater and the world in which the Ussher carries on with her mundane life. Steven Holl? Symbolic visible radiation is used as a representation of the immaterial and the discorporate, beyond that which is portrayed by the metaphorical, complex impressions such as life and decease. An powerful illustration of this is the Vietnam War commemoration in Washington D.C. The names of the dead are inscribed in the mirrorlike granite surface of the wall. The ever-changing contemplations of visible radiation and the environing remind us of our topographic point and temporal natural in this universe and therefore our mortality. For 1000s of old ages light has been associated with the religious aspects and seen as the manifestation of deity and the ethereal. Since prehistoric adult male visible radiation, the Sun have been connected to the scared, prehistoric worshipped the Sun physique memorials align to its summer solstice to honor it, as this was when its was its most powerful. Tombs were besides built with mention to the Sun, frequently align to confront the Sun rise on the summer solstice. The visible radiation of a new twenty-four hours and the lifting Sun gave hope of an after life â€Å" the natural linguistic communication of light and dark is a powerful one with which to show architectural significance † Specific coloring material besides hold symbolic associations. Many of these are reasonably obvious, nevertheless these initial associations over clip have lead subsequent associations or can take on bring on different connexions. The corporate findings from a figure of experiments have shown that many are cosmopolitan nevertheless there may be little fluctuations in different civilizations and faiths. Associations have from human experience, traveling all the manner back to early adult male. As discussed above aboriginal images etc have been stored in the human genome yesteryear on from coevals to coevals and contribute to our color perceptual experience. Eckart Heimendahl suggests that our color perceptual experience develops from three types of symbolism: ritual symbolism, traditional symbolism and aesthetic-emotional ( psychological ) degree symbolism, which fuse to give us our experience of coloring material â€Å" one of the most dramatic characteristics of the consequences refering perference, intension and colour-mood associatations is the consistancy from one person to another, from group to group and cross-culturally. There has been a great figure of cross-cultural surveies comparing topics in America, Lebanon, Kenya, Botswana, Greece to advert a few. Monkeies have been compared to Man, work forces to adult females, kids to grownups, layperson to designers. As another writer concludes, it would bespeak either that our heritage is such that we learn right responses, or that there is some unconditioned temper reaction to different colourss † ( Kuller 1981 p.164 ) The message a color conveys and therefore it psychological consequence is dependent on colorss chromaticity and the environment in which it sits. Even the slightest alteration it a hue nicety can change its significance. The materiality of the coloring material besides plays a important function in this procedure, which will be discussed subsequently. The followers will give and over the imagination and messages that the outstanding chromaticities are affiliated to. Red is a warm, exciting coloring material with both positive and negative associations. It positive intensions include the aforesaid heat due to its connexion to fire, every bit good as passion, strength, activity and love. Its more negative associations include fury and aggression, fierceness, although these have served a intent throughout history. An illustration of this in military, where red was used to alter head sets and convey a aggression. Red besides represent blood, which to some may portray an unfavorable message, can besides stand for life. This is possibly linked to early adult male who may hold concluded that blood gave life after seeing blood leave the organic structure a slaughtered quarry.Love?Red is the dominant and attending catching coloring material as its focal point point is behind the retina which give the feeling that it is stick outingpink?orange is a mostly positive coloring material and is by and large considered to hold really few negative intensions. Although less self-asserting than ruddy its is still vivacious and energetic, with lighter tone being heartening. Orange besides has connexions to nature reminding us of fall and sundowns. Brown is a darker tone of orange which once more has strong connexions to nature, motivating ideas of the Earth. As it is earthly is suggest security and stableness. However certain shadiness of brown may be less pleasant and drab and even depressing. Yellow is considered to be the ‘happiest ‘ coloring materials due to it aglow and beaming nature and therefore it tends to raise 1s liquors. Possibly its is most powerful and religious association with the Sun, and hence with visible radiation and life. Yellow was besides the coloring material of quicksilver in, best known for being the courier of the God, but was the God of commercialism and net income, every bit good as the God of the traveler, therefore xanthous can stand for religious enlightenment. Green focal point exactly on the retina and therefore is the easiest coloring material on the oculus. As a consequence viridity is loosen uping and reviewing. One of green major associations is nature and vigorous growing. Early rites were based around the exuberant viridity of flora and therefore is a symbol of nutrient and life, and as a sequel in Christianity represents hope and immortality. Green besides has important spiritual value in Islam where it is regarded as a holy coloring material. In blunt contrast certain fluctuations of green can convey a message of mold and decay and as a consequence decease. Depending on its place between xanthous and bluish viridity has different consequence, a green closer to yellow will look to be more stimulating where as blue green appear ice chest and more tranquil Blue like green is loosen uping and retiring, but appear cooler than green although darker tones appear to experience heater. Materialtiy besides affects its comparative heat, a dark blue, thick rug will non arouse a cold feeling. Blue induces feelings of composure and as a consequence contemplation and due to its obvious connexion to H2O bluish gives expresses cleanliness. However if non used right bluish can be cold and dejecting every bit refered to in the phrase â€Å" I have the blues † . Bluess symbolism has a figure of cultural fluctuations. In Rome blue was the coloring material of a philosopher robe and reflected wisdom. In China bluish symbolises immortality and sanctity to Hebrews.purple/violetwhite symbolises many positive things, architecture it prompts a sense of openness and freedom, a white infinite will ever experience more expensive, nevertheless if the part of white is to greater it gives a sense of emptiness. From a multi-discipline position, white conjures images of cleanliness, pureness, artlessness and peace. In Asia white is the coloring material of mourning but in a positive manner, as the believe that decease on this Earth is the beginning of a better life.blackGreyOver and under stimulation In footings of of both physiological and psychological factors the balance of stimulation is of import in supplying the right environment. Both over-stimulation and under-stimulation can hold inauspicious affects on our wellbeing and the overall feeling of a infinite. For an environment to be most good a balanced assortment should be kind. â€Å" Balance is the securing of integrity thick assortment. Both assortment and integrity are required to prolong involvement, and these opposing forces must be balanced. Assortment is necessary to pull and elicit involvement ; integrity is indispensable to make a favorable feeling and desires. Variety overdone is confounding and unpleasant. Unity overdone is humdrum. The grade of coloring material agreement is cognizing where to halt between these extremes † Exposure to an excessively complex visually helter-skelter environment or highly monotony, whether it be through coloring material, form or contrast can consequence us physiologically by triping alterations in rates of external respiration, blood force per unit area and pulsation, therefore lead to increased emphasis degrees Over stimulation can bring on an addition in musculus tenseness and is believed to increase 1s susceptibleness to infection which can take to ulcers and coronary disease. Surprisingly dull under-stimulating environments can do additions in bosom rate. With no external stimulation one becomes more cognizant of there interior ego. Capable to persons mentally and nature if their idea, this can take to fear, anxiousness and hurt. On a psychological degree an under stimulating and therefore centripetal lack scene is known to take to a deficiency of concentration, restlessness and crossness. Under stimulation can besides take to perceptual experience upsets. â€Å" It can non be stressed plenty that the balance between integrity and complexness is the first and most of import regulation in the design in good environments † However in certain state of affairs it can be the interior decorator nonsubjective to make infinite which are under exciting. It infinite may be design as a religious and brooding infinite which encourages one to look inside themselves for enlightenment†¦ To understand the extent of visible radiation and colorss consequence, we must see it on its ain every bit good as the how it reacts and relates to its environment. Our knowledge of visible radiation and coloring material can be mostly influenced by how they contrast with there surroudings. There a figure of different contrast relationships which alter the manner perceive and distinguish:Light-Dark ContrastIn its simplest footings this is the contrast between light and shadow. But can besides mention the to difference between elation of colorss, but the contrast is most outstanding in the neutral i.e. when no chromaticity is involved. Light dark contrast can be utile for distinguishing infinite. However excessively great a contrast will do ocular weariness and strain.Chromatic-Achromatic contrast.Uniting the chromatic with the neutral will change the sensed strength and brightness of the chromatic coloring material. White and gray niceties weaken a colors brightness and therefore can be used to neutralize. On the other manus black addition a colours brightness.Complementary ContrastComplementary contrast occurs between two coloring material whic h are every bit different as possible, location straight face-to-face on a coloring material wheel. Each complementary contrast has its ain alone characteristic. For illustration a contrast between orange and bluish gives the greatest warm-cool definition and a yellow-violet contrast give the most intense light-dark contrast. Effect/importanceIntensity contrastDescribes the contrast between colorss of the different impregnation. Intensity contrast is best used when a when little sum of pure coloring material are used as an speech pattern amongst muted colorss, which give a peculiar characteristic accents while keeping the complete atmosphere of the infinite.Measure ContrastQuantity contrast is the relative relationship between the colorss in a infinite. The proportion of a peculiar coloring material dramas major function in set uping spacial definition and feelingFlicker Contrastlicker is a over stimulating contrast, happening when intense colors with similar elation or darkness are combined is a infinite. This type of contrast shows that the color has non been considered suitably, spark contrasts should be avoid. There are two other physiological contrast which besides need to be taken into history when measuring the impact of coloring material, consecutive contrast and coincident contrast. Coincident contrast is the phenomenon where by a coloring material will be perceived otherwise with a different foreground, background or environment. For illustration if a impersonal Grey is place on a environing coloring material background the Grey will look to hold a intimation of the complementary coloring material of the background coloring material. The perceive alteration is non world but is a consequence of 1s ‘colour esthesis ‘ . Coincident contrast does non merely impact chromaticity and impregnation but besides brightness. For illustration Grey will look lighter against a darker background Consecutive contrast is a phenomenon where by if one is subjected to a coloring material stimulation for an inordinate sum of clip an ‘after image ‘ of its complementary coloring material will happen. For illustration if one stares at a ruddy surface for a drawn-out period of clip so look at a white surface, the white surface will look to be bluish green. This ‘after-image ‘ is believed to be the consequence of weariness. The affect is impermanent but nevertheless can be upseting. e.g. ? â€Å" The physiological world is that the oculus requires any given give coloring material to be balanced by its complementary, and will bring forth it if it is non present. Complementary colorss besides provide psychological balance to warmth and imperturbability of coloring material. † The after image is a physiological consequence which indicates than utilize us of complementary colorss the the most effectual manner of making a harmonious infiniteSynesthesiaSynesthesia ( Greek, syn= together + aisthesis= perceptual experience ) is a neurological status in which the stimulation of one centripetal mode evokes a experience in another mode, or the crossing of two or more sense. Light and color non merely excite the sense of sight but arouses esthesiss in many other of the other senses through ocular and non ocular agencies.Percept of weightas a general regulation darker and more concentrated colors will look to be heavier and more dense than lighter and less concentrated colors. Warmer colors will besides look heavier than the ice chest ice chests if the same chromaticityPercept of volume and distanceThe lighter a infinite is the more unfastened it will be perceived to be therefore a infinite will look to hold a larger volume than a dark infinite. Within a infinite ig niter colorss, ice chest colorss and little forms will look to withdraw. With darker or more concentrated looking the protrude therefore doing distances seem shorter.Percept of temperatureit is widely believed that visually, coloring materials can change our perceptual experience of whether a room is warm or cool. Since the formation of the hypothesis several experiments have been observed which seem to turn out what was thought. One such illustration is described by Johannes Itten in his book The Elementss of Colour, is experiment illustrates a important difference in the temperature at an single felt cold in different colored room â€Å" Residents of the bluish green felt that 59 grades Fahrenheit was cold, where as the temperature had to fall to 52 grades Fahrenheit in the reddish-orange room before the topics felt cold † grounds from a corresponding Norse survey drew a similar decision, in which subjects set a thermostat four grades lower in a ruddy room compared to a bluish room. However trial besides showed that the consequence where merely impermanent and after a period of clip the effects begin to decrease.Percept of Taste and OdoursCertain colorss can arouse associations with gustatory sensations or odors. Colorss such as lavender, pale yellow and pink have pleasant associations with odor and colorss such as coral, soft yellow and visible radiation viridities are associated with pleasant gustatory sensations. These associations can be utile in industrial state of affairs to assist better unpleasant environmentsPercept of SoundGestalt psychologists such as Heinz Warner, Krakov, Allen and Schwartz have produced grounds that strong smell and gustatory sensation can change our perceptual experience of coloring material. It is suggested that strong gustatory sensation and smells make us more less sensitive to ruddy and more to green. On a similar note through coloring material association can be used to countervail loud environments. For illustration one may mentally link extremely concentrated warm coloring material with being loud, cool and low saturated coloring material holding the opposite consequence, therefore cool or low saturated coloring material can be used to assist countervail noisy environments â€Å" a noisy ambiance will be experienced subjectively as nosier or more annoying if pigment with glowering yellows or reds. Shrill and high pitched sounds may be offset by olive viridity †Percept of TimeSome research workers believe that visible radiation, coloring material and form can change our appraisal of clip. One theory is that subdued, humdrum infinites cause one to overestimated clip. Possibly this is related to boredom and under-stimulation. It is a common construct that clip passes more rapidly when 1 is basking themselves.Light, coloring material and our perceptual experience of infinite.â€Å" Space remains in limbo without light. Light ‘s shadows and sunglassess, its different beginnings, its opacity, transparence, translucence and conditions of contemplation and refraction intertwine to specify or redefine infinite. Light topics infinite to uncertainness, organizing a sort of probationary span through Fieldss of experience † – Steven Holl The manner we use and perceive a infinite is greatly influence by visible radiation and coloring material along with the factors described. Above the have the ability to specify boundaries and differentiate infinites. They provide orientation and consciously and unconsciously impact how we move through a edifice. Furthermore due to the synaesthetic esthesiss they induce as described above, visible radiation and coloring material alter the sensed dimensioning of a infinite. â€Å" Space, as we experience it in architectural scenes is a consequence of our full perceptual system. One sees the environment non with the eyes but with eyes-in-the-head-on-the-body-resting-on-the-ground † As we have found out light and shadow can be a powerful tool with which to uncover significance. However they besides play a major function in specifying our sense of infinite, if we manipulate light we alter our perceptual experience of architectural infinite. Before construction, walls, ceiling and floor, it was light which estbalished boundaries. At dark a ‘room ‘ for early adult male was defined by visible radiation admitted by fire, the appendage of which came when visible radiation faded into darkness.

Emirates Airline

The Emirates Group is composed of airport services provider DNATA (the Dubai National Air Transport Association) and Emirates Airlines. Owned by the government of Dubai and based at the busiest airport in the Middle East, Emirates has flourished under the sheikdom's ‘wide open skies' policy, in spite of the restrictions placed on it by other countries. The airline, renowned for its luxurious in-flight service, was unique among long-haul airlines in that it had not joined a global alliance such as the Star Alliance or oneworld by the beginning of the new millennium. The Maktoum family led the tribe throughout the 19th and 20th centuries.Dubai became one of seven sheikdoms in the United Arab Emirates, which was formed in 1970. Gulf Air began to cut back its service to Dubai in the mid-1980s. As a result, Emirates Airlines was conceived in March 1985 with backing from Dubai's royal family, whose Dubai Air Wing provided two of the airline's first aircraft, used Boeing 727s. (An Air bus A300 and Boeing 737 were two others. ) Because of Dubai's unique political structure, wrote Douglas Nelms in Air Transport World, Emirates could be described as both government-owned and privately held, though most considered it state-owned.Maurice Flanagan was named managing director of the new airline. Formerly of the Royal Air Force, British Airways, and Gulf Air, Flanagan had been seconded to DNATA in 1978 on a two-year assignment as assistant general sales manager. Chairman was Sheikh Ahmed bin Saeed Al Maktoum, nephew of the ruler of Dubai. Only 27 years old in 1985, he had graduated from the University of Colorado just four years earlier (his degree was in political science and economics). Sheik Ahmed also became chairman of Dubai Civil Aviation and DNATA itself.Although he lacked any direct experience in the airline industry, Sheikh Ahmed embraced his new role, learning to fly a variety of aircraft along the way. As Lisa Coleman duly noted in Chief Executive, he was inde ed experienced in one area that would be the new airline's defining trait: luxury. The first flight, Dubai-Karachi on October 25, 1985, was a Pakistani connection in more ways than one. The airline leased the aircraft, an Airbus 300, from Pakistan International Airlines. Bombay and Delhi were the other two earliest destinations.From the beginning, Emirates flights carried both passengers and cargo. Emirates was profitable within nine months. During its first year, it carried 260,000 passengers and 10,000 tons of freight. The next year, Gulf Air posted a loss. In its second year, Emirates also posted a loss, before setting out on decades of profitable growth. One reason for the success of Emirates was its aggressive marketing. Another was the high level of in-flight service in its new Airbus aircraft, which it outfitted with generously spaced seating.Our Vision ; Values The principles which propel us forward A strong and stable leadership team, ambitious yet calculated decision-makin g and ground-breaking ideas all contribute to the creation of great companies. Of course, these have played a major part in our development, but we believe our business ethics are the foundation on which our success has been built. Caring for our employees and stakeholders, as well as the environment and the communities we serve, have played a huge part in our past and will continue to signify our future.Our culture of respect At the Emirates Group, we place great value on corporate citizenship and social responsibility and believe our business ethics are integral to our continued success. Each member of staff’s commitment towards ongoing improvement combines to maintain the competitive edge of our operation in global markets. We firmly believe our employees are our greatest asset and their contribution to the staggering pace at which we have developed can not be underestimated.Without them it would not have been possible and we acknowledge this with a range of excellent bene fits, including a generous profit share scheme, and programmes designed to help them fulfill their career goals. These principles enable us to attract employees of the highest calibre and have helped us become the largest employer in the UAE. We now have a team of more 40,000 loyal workers, many living far away from their own families, and we are committed to caring for them within ours.This dedication to the welfare of our employees does not distract from the fundamental economic role of our business – to reward stakeholders. While rivals have faltered under the strain of fluctuating fuel prices and the intense level of competition synonymous with our industry, we have posted profits in all but one year of our history. While we are focused on maximising profit margins, as a leader in aviation innovation, we are devoted to growing our business while using fewer resources and creating less waste and pollution.The billions of dollars we have invested in purchasing the most adva nced aircraft in production mean we operate one of the youngest and most eco-efficient fleets in the world. Our commitment to the environment extends to our interests on the ground. We take great pride in our involvement with the Dubai Desert Conservation Reserve, which is dedicated to preserving the natural and cultural heritage of area. The National Park, the largest protected area in the UAE and home to more than 30 species indigenous to the Arabian Peninsula, is considered the regional benchmark for sustainable development and conservation.Our green projects do not stop at home and plans are already well under way to create two of the world’s most eco-friendly conservation-based destinations – Wolgan Valley Resort ; Spa in Australia and Cap Ternay Resort ; Spa in the Seychelles. Company Overview The Emirates Group has spread its wings into every aspect of travel and tourism to become a leading global corporation in its field. With one of the youngest fleets in the sky and more than 400 awards for excellence worldwide, Emirates airline is one of two key divisions in the group.The other is Dnata, which provides ground handling services at numerous airports around the world, including Dubai International. It is also one of the largest providers of travel services in the Middle East and has been a household name in Dubai for more than 50 years. Propelled forward by their united strength, the two have evolved at a phenomenal rate to establish the Emirates Group as an immense organisation, spanning a portfolio of more than 50 brands and employing over 50,000 people. Growing from strength to strengthEmirates Group is always looking to expand its portfolio with strategic ventures that will enhance its commercial proposition, revenues and reputation. Among its many projects in development is a luxurious conservation resort in the Seychelles which will raise the benchmark in eco-tourism, as well as highlight Emirates’ commitment to protecting th e environment for future generations. Cap Ternay Resort ; Spa Set on a spectacular tropical island in the Seychelles, the resort will give guests a traditional beach holiday combined with a taste of the lush forests, towering granite mountains and wildlife unique to this Indian Ocean sanctuary.The senior management team To build a travel and tourism empire at such staggering speed would not have been possible but for the collective talents of a group of men who have each proven to be leaders in their field of expertise. Almost all of the executives at the helm of the Emirates Group have been with the organisation since its birth and it is their pioneering vision – combined with meticulous planning and brave yet calculated decision making – which has given flight to the fastest growing airline in the world and the Middle East's largest provider of airport and travel services.SWOT Analysis This part of the assignment will analyse the strategic position of Emirates Airlin e through the use of SWOT analysis. Based on the given case, the strategic position of the Emirates Airline specifically their airline and aviation position has been challenged because of the changing situations of the airline market. Rival industries of the company has been able to announced the establishment of their business approach in the global market which offers diversified airline industries to cater to the needs of the passengers, cargo and shipment services.The announcement of this company affects the strategic position of the entire Emirates Airline. In order to make sure that the company will not be left behind, Emirates Airline has been able to involve themselves into the expansion to technological developments. Strengths. As a competitive and globally recognised airline industry, Emirates Airline has been able to have strategic position in the global market. In fact, when Emirates Airline streamlined their business, it already had the advantage of size. The Emirates G roup – SWOT AnalysisDescription: The The Emirates Group – SWOT Analysis company profile is the essential source for top-level company data and information. The Emirates Group – SWOT Analysis examines the company’s key business structure and operations, history and products, and provides summary analysis of its key revenue lines and strategy. The Emirates Group is a conglomerate which operates through Emirates Airline, an international airline, and Dnata, a travel organization operating in the Middle East. The group is wholly owned by the United Arab Emirates (UAE) government. It provides scheduled passenger and cargo services to more than 100 destinations.The company has operations across Middle East, Europe and Americas, Far East and Australia, West Asia and Indian Ocean, and Africa. It is headquartered in Dubai, the United Arab Emirates and employs 28,037 people. The group recorded revenues of AED42,674. 3 million ($11,621. 5 million) during the financi al year ended March 2009 (FY2009), an increase of 17. 1% over FY2008. The operating profit of the group was AED2,573. 3 million ($700. 8 million) in FY2009, a decrease of 42. 2% compared to FY2008. Its net profit was AED981. 7 million ($267. 3 million) in FY2009, a decrease of 80. 4% compared to FY2008.Scope of the Report – Provides all the crucial information on The Emirates Group required for business and competitor intelligence needs – Contains a study of the major internal and external factors affecting The Emirates Group in the form of a SWOT analysis as well as a breakdown and examination of leading product revenue streams of The Emirates Group -Data is supplemented with details on The Emirates Group history, key executives, business description, locations and subsidiaries as well as a list of products and services and the latest available statement from The Emirates Group Reasons to Purchase Support sales†¦

Attitudes Of University Students In Lebanon Towards Homosexuality

Attitudes Of University Students In Lebanon Towards Homosexuality Recently, almost all cultures have witnessed increasing trends in homosexuality. As a result, more and more organizations protecting gay, lesbian, and bisexual rights have emerged. One factor that seems to affect the emotional and social development of gays and lesbians is the attitudes of society toward them (Bowen Negy Landen Grapes, 2006). Studies conducted in the United States, Australia, Turkey, Hong Kong, Sweden and Canada have indicated that most attitudes towards gays and lesbians are negative in general (Negy Landen Hopwood Schellenberg, Hirt, Landen Hopwood Schellenberg, Hirt, Negy Landen Grapes, 2006; Jonathan, 2008). Because of the lack of empirical evidence on the attitudes in Lebanon towards gay men and lesbians, it is important that this study be conducted so as to set stable grounds for this issue. The purpose of this study was to measure the attitudes of undergraduate university students in Lebanon towards gay men and lesbians. Hopwood and Connors (2002) examined the attitudes of undergraduate students toward homosexuality at a university in Australia. The first hypothesis was that homophobic males were most likely to be religious and politically conservative. The second hypothesis stated that levels of homophobia would be more prevalent among business majors than humanities majors.

McCarthy, Murrow and the Use of Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

McCarthy, Murrow and the Use of Media - Essay Example The spirit of the era facilitated the task and made McCarthy’s allegation against the regulation of supporting rebellious actions very efficient. His fight against the Communism in the United States influenced the life of American people and even now its influence is present in the American society. McCarthy accused the government in being â€Å"riddled with card-carrying members of the Communist Party†.1 The political career of Joseph McCarthy ended after 1954. The main goal of the given work is to show that it was the media that made the career of McCarthy and it was also the media that finally destroyed it. The role of the media in McCarthyism creation The famous speech of Joseph McCarthy given on February 9, 1950 made a good start for McCarthyism mainly because it impressed the media. According to Bayley (1981) the speech â€Å"has been the subject of more speculation, argument, and investigation than almost anything he said in the next five years†.2 The medi a, maybe against its wish and due to its carelessness, helped a lot and made a perfect start for era of McCarthyism. The consequences this event had turned into the difficult period in the history of media. The speech given by McCarthy contained much lie, however, journalists published it without any verification. The facts presented in the speech were not only false, they were absurd: â€Å"Why wouldn't he read some of the names on the list, if he had a list? If he had a list where on earth would he have got it? Who would have given it to him? The FBI? The State Department? Why? Could he have worked it up himself?†.3 The reporters who published this speech did not care about these issues, notwithstanding that it was their straight responsibility to check the information before publishing. Many experts consider press even to be responsible for the period when American citizens were misled. Not only printing but also television was successfully used by the shrewd senator. With the help of TV he easily penetrated homes of American citizens. Bayley (1981) points out: â€Å"McCarthy's rise to national prominence coincided with the explosive growth of television in the United States†.4 However, here McCarthy made a mistake: he did not take into account the fact that TV program can’t be corrected or edited and thus it may lead to his breakdown that finally happened. The media and the default of McCarthy The troubles of McCarthy started when he attacked the presidents, notwithstanding that Harry Truman was successfully defeated by him. McCarthy accused Truman in sympathy towards Communists and this fact was negatively treated by the American citizens. The party of Republicans was the next to win with Dwight Eisenhower as a leader. Unfortunately, it was not enough for the McCarthy to have a position of the head of Senate, thus he decided to compromise Eisenhower. McCarthy used press to accuse Eisenhower in being sympathetic to the Communist. 5 Eis enhower gave a speech in response but McCarthy was so self-assured that he answered Eisenhower on TV even not knowing the content of president’s speech. Joseph McCarthy did not know how mature the president was and accused him again but then it appeared that Eisenhower even did not even mention the name of the scandal senator in his speech. According to Reston, the speech of the president was a "note on the principals that should govern the relations between the legislature and the executive under the US

TORT LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

TORT LAW - Essay Example Considering the fact that the question mentions Fred being surprised of the large bill from the Inland Revenue for capital gains tax, I suppose that he has listened to Paul’s advice and sold some of his stocks and shares. Fred’s selling some of his stocks and shares and later on, receiving a large bill for capital gains tax is a direct consequence of Paul’s advice which stated that selling some shares and stocks would help Fred avoid this tax. Due to the untrue information, Fred sold his shares and stocks and still received a large bill, which caused financial losses to him The rules of breach of duty are appropriate. Breach of duty occurs when the defendant owed a duty of care and his actions were lower than the reasonable standard. Smith &Keenan (2010, p.464) state that the test of a reasonable man should be applied to individuals â€Å"who have held themselves out as possessing a particular skill†2 as to average specialist in that domain. For example, a s in Fred’s case, Paul – recommending himself as returning a small accountancy firm, which specializes in tax and other investment matters– was expected to act as an average accountant. ... In Hedley Byrne v. Heller (1963), the Court held that â€Å"the relationship between the parties was "sufficiently proximate" as to create a duty of care. It was reasonable for them to have known that the information that they had given would likely have been relied upon †¦ This would give rise to a "special relationship", in which the defendant would have to take sufficient care in giving advice to avoid negligence liability.†3 In this case, Paul’s advice, as coming from a professional was equivalent to a statement upon which the customer (in this case – Fred) would rely on. In Rowley & Ors v Secretary of State for Department of Work and Pensions (2007) the Court held that â€Å"a solicitor owes a duty of care in tort because, like any professional person, he or she voluntarily assumes responsibility towards an individual client†4, which applies to the case of Fred v. Paul. If we were to apply the test established in Caparo v Dickman (1990), it would be clear that the facts of Fred’s situation do fall within this case: 1. â€Å"The adviser was aware that the advice was required for a purpose† 5 - Paul was aware that the advice was necessary in order for Fred to fill his tax forms and avoid large bills 2. â€Å"The adviser knew that the advice was to be communicated to the advisee†6 - 3. â€Å"It was known that the advice will be acted upon by the advisee without independent injury†7- generally, such kind of professional advice is necessary in order for the person who asks for it to act upon it 4. â€Å"It was acted upon the advice† 8 - relying on Paul’s advice, Fred sold his shares and stocks. Even when applying this test, â€Å"There must be a limit to liability and no duty will be imposed unless it is just in all the circumstances.†9 According to Winfield &

Strategic Management of Wal-Mart Stores Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Strategic Management of Wal-Mart Stores - Essay Example It is to mention that the company that has been chosen for the study is Wal-Mart. The purpose of the study is to recognize the Wal-Mart’s strategy and further create an argument to verify if the strategy that has been adopted by the company is appropriate or not. About Wal-Mart Wal-Mart Stores, Inc is a company that is in America and belongs to the category of public corporation. It operates numerous chains of the discount department based stores and also warehouse stores. The company outperformed in the year 2010 and was successful at becoming the biggest corporation in the world in terms of revenue as per the Forbes Global 2000 for that particular year. It was incorporated in the year 1969. It is worthy of stating that because of the strategic actions taken by the company, it has been successful at expanding its operations in 15 countries with 8500 stores and 55 numerous names (Scribd, 2011). Wal-Mart’s Low Cost Strategy The Wal-Mart’s stores are present in alm ost every ‘nook and corner’ of the world. The obvious question that arises in the mind relates to the reason behind the successful operation of the company. The reason behind is the low prices that the company maintains for the purpose of attracting the customers. ... The main objective of the store is to maintain low prices so that the customers are happy with Wal-Mart. However, these corporations don’t take into concern the happiness of the workers in 48 different countries (Bauer, 2005). It can be argued that the company’s strategic move towards the maintenance of low price seems to be immoral and immaterial. Although by maintaining low prices, it can attract its customers and keep them happy and satisfied but it seems to be negligible towards the society. Wal-Mart Expansion Strategy It is apparent that the company has been successful at expanding its operation in various countries of the world for the purpose of rejuvenating the sales growth. It tried to expand its operation in Germany, however it was not successful at maintaining long term survival in that particular country where Wal-Mart tried to make the store profitable for many years. The reason behind the malfunction had been the company’s inconsideration towards th e German competitors, shoppers as well as the rules, cultural differences and labor unions whose strength impeded the success of the company in Germany. The same strategy has been quite successful in the United States. At this instance, it is important to assess the cause behind the disappointment of the company’s strategy of expansion in Germany. It is to be stated that different countries have dissimilar cultures and different perceptions regarding the purchase of a product. The companies need to adopt the strategies accordingly. A particular strategy that helped the organization to outperform its operation in one country may take the business to failure in another country (DePamphilis, 2009). Competition at

Research Design and Research Logistics Assignment

Research Design and Research Logistics - Assignment Example And within the time and resource constraints for study, maximizing objectives from conflicting desiderata articulated by McGrath seems to be in perfect connivance. And, whether the set of choices made by Eveland was a best strategy is an interesting facet. In the words of Eveland (1988), "we hoped this experiment would illuminate, although, not all of them have been answered" (p. 375). This reaffirms the notion propagated by McGrath, that "the set of choices is systemically circular; it starts with a problem, and gets back to the problem." The cycle of empirical research stands vindicated (Runkel and McGrath, 1972). Eveland's approach in the study under reference seems to follow the methodical strategy, which are generic classes of research settings for gaining knowledge about a research problem. In this context, the problem being, "the impact of computer-supported systems on the work group structures." The research method adopted herein maps into slices I (field experiments and field study, with sample surveys) of the strategy circumplex (Runkel and McGrath, 1972). The point of maximum concern is on the system context and generalizability over the actors. In terms of maximizing generalizability context, Eveland's study used a relatively small sample and inclusion of younger employees was perhaps desirable. In terms of Cronbach (1957) classification of designs, Eveland followed both the comparison and correlation techniques. The study compared the performance between conventional and computer supported work groups; and so also, analysis of variance analysis as in trend analysis of member contact within work group over the study period. The power point slides on research methods ("Research Methods in I/O Psychology", 2008) concisely enumerates the research process, which has also been adopted by Eveland, viz.: ask questions; generate hypothesis; design a study; collect data; data analysis; and interpret-present results. Since the Eveland study used random assignment techniques to select group members, in the terminology of Trochim (2007) the approach could be classified as 'randomized experiment' which helps in deducing casual relationships. 2. After listing and distinguishing a variety of research designs, explain the advantages and limitations of each; why did Dr. Eveland choose the research design he chose Research design provides a formal structure to a research study. A three-fold classification is often used to define a research design: randomized or true experimen

Ted Bundy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ted Bundy - Research Paper Example Most of those that turn out as murderers and serial killers have underlying traits that are beyond the rapport created. While it is not definitive pointer to a killer, extreme anti-social behaviour has been a classical indicator of the same (Crime Library, n.d). In line with this, it is critical that those that develop socially at a low pace are not subjected to unfair treatment, but those that fall from being highly sociable to isolation should warrant help. Potential serial killers also tend to develop voyeurism with the intention of dominating another being. In view of exerting dominance, most potential serial killers tend to harm animals such as cats, dogs, among others for the thrill of it. The above coupled with psychopathic tendencies are early indicators of serial killer traits. Such traits are coated by charm in an effort to mask their identity, which also works to lure victims. Ted Bundy was no different presenting with changes in his social behaviour that was worsened by a depressive disorder. Born in 1946, Theodore Robert Cowell confessed to numerous homicides around the country before his execution. He abducted his victims who were mostly young women and girls before raping and killing them in cold blood. Known best by the alias Ted Bundy, he left a trail of bodies during his active years of the 70s. Ted a normal childhood, being brought up by his grandparents alongside his mother, who he believed was his sister. However, as a teenager Ted isolated himself from his peers stating that he did not understand social behaviour among teenagers (Criminal Minds, n.d). He studied psychology and Asian studies in college and worked various jobs at the time. It is during this period that he met Ann Rule, who would later write a definitive biography on Ted (Rule, 2012). Ted’s social challenges became evident after relationship breakup where his partner claimed lack of ambition and immaturity as her reasons. Consequently, he was depressed and return to hi s hometown after dropping out of school. Which searching through public records, Ted discovered his parentage an aspect that had a profound effect in his life. His personality underwent a fundamental shift from a reserved and shy person to a more focussed, social and dominant one. It was during this period that he became a campaign manager for Nelson Rockefeller in his bid for the presidency. Moreover, Bundy enrolled as a psychology major in Washington and built a strong relationship with his professors and peers. Over the years, he also enrolled in the University of Utah in the school of law amid recommendation from his employer, Evan Davis and several professors. However, the newfound character was short-lived as he began skipping classes and keeping to himself. There is no consensus as to when Ted began his reign of terror as he refused to divulge information on his earliest crimes. This is besides confessing to later killings where he provided detailed specifics of the crimes. I n addition, different versions of the crime stories were told to different people indicating involvement in the murder of several people in the early 1970s. Nevertheless, it is agreeable that Ted’s first attempted murder was in 1974 after he bludgeoned his sleeping victim before sexually assaulting her. Despite surviving the attack, she suffered permanent brain damage and was not much of help in identifying the attacker (Greene and Heilbrun, 2011). The months that followed saw the disappearance of

International Business and the Balance of Payment Essay

International Business and the Balance of Payment - Essay Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that the outward movement of a firm's international operations is considered as internationalization, not only in terms of the number of markets served but also in the operation methods utilized. Johanson and Vahlne define internationalization as "a process in which the enterprise gradually increases its international involvement. This process develops the relationship between the development of knowledge about foreign markets and operations on one hand and escalating commitment of resources to foreign markets on the other. Many critics view multinational corporations as a negative factor in the development efforts of Third World Countries; Hymer; Hopkins; Mullier found that the multinationals are perceived as a principal source of the underdevelopment of Third World Countries. Moreover, Frank supports this statement by saying that multinational corporations create net capital outflows, contribute to problems in balance o f payment, distort the domestic consumption patterns, export unsuitable technology, and products at excessive prices and, most emphatically, do not solve the unemployment problems. In addition, they aggravate economic and social inequalities in the host countries through the formation or the intensification of a small group of indigenous elites who collaborate with and benefit from the multinationals. The balance of payments is an important factor that greatly influences the internationalization process of many firms. A deficit in the balance of payments of a host country might force the government to use artificial barriers (i.e. tariffs and quotas) to limit and control imports. Managers can utilize the evaluation of the level of GNP in a host country in making important decisions not only by providing them with an indication of a potential consumer base in the market and average income per capita but also by helping the managers to forecast the future trends in a foreign country's economy. Rigorous crises in the balance of payments and currency take place with some occurrence in emerging-market economies--more than 51 crisis episodes over the past 25 years, demonstrating that about 8 percent of the time an emerging-market economy was facing serious turbulence in currency markets. Likewise, this frequency of currency crises appears to be a reoccurring phenomenon, persistent over time and across regions of the world. In terms of the other variables of the model, study of Glick & Hutchinson concluded that actual exchange rate overvaluation is a significant factor slowing output growth. This finding is discussed comprehensively in Moreno. In view of the fact that real overvaluation also takes part in an essential role in generating currency and balance of payments crises in the first instance, the undesirable effects emerge to work through two channels - the direct and the indirect channel. The direct channel is to reduce real output by weakening in export compe titiveness. The indirect channel is by contributing to a currency crisis, which in turn is associated with a disruption in financial markets and a downturn in output growth.

Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger Essay Example for Free

Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger Essay In The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger, the author takes us on a journey with Holden Caulfield, a sixteen-year-old boy, going in and out of many boarding schools. When he gets kicked out of Pencey the story begins. In fear of coming home to his parents, Holden takes a trip to New York; which leaves him at the point of mental, physical, and emotional insanity. As the novel goes on his obsession with keeping children from losing their purity grows. The adult world seems fake, and Holden does not respect people who made the transition. In Gerald Rosen’s â€Å"A Retrospective Look At The Catcher In The Rye† he explores Holden’s connection to other characters in the book. He also analyzes the difficulties in crossing over to the adult world. Holden qualms the crossing over due to the fact that losing one’s innocence will force one to face reality, and will at times cause adults to â€Å"fall† into a deeper hole. Holden’s mania of keeping children from transitioning to adult hood shows all throughout The Catcher in the Rye. Rosen explains that during the period of time Holden was in the museum he made it known that everything always stayed the same. The purpose of the â€Å"glass cases† acts as a defense against touching, or tainting. â€Å"Like the children in the museum, to protect the innocent, the catcher must strictly refrain from touching; he must ‘just leave them alone’’’ (Rosen). This moment in the book compares the protected artifacts to the innocence of a child. He feels that if the children had someone to protect them from getting affected (â€Å"touched†) by the hard and cruel times in life they could hold onto their purity for as long as possible. Holden expresses the fact that he wants ensure security and stability during these times in life. This point seems to be the first point in the novel where Holden shows a desire to keep children from corruption. â€Å"Anyway, I keep picturing all these kids playing some game in the big field of rye and allWhat I have to do, I have to catch everybody if they start going over the cliff† (Salinger 173). Holden wants to â€Å"catch† the kids from their transition into an adult. He does not want them having to deal with losses they will have to overcome in life. He believes that going into adulthood marks the point where society shows its true face. Since Allie, Holden brother’s, death he sees how reality twists and warps in sick ways. While walking around the museum he sees profanity. â€Å"I went down by a different staircase, and I saw another ‘Fuck You’ on the wall. I tried to rub it off with my hand again, but this one was scratched on, with a knife or something. It wouldn’t come off. It’s hopeless, anyway. If you had a million years to do it in, you couldn’t rub out even half of the ‘Fuck You’ signs in the world. It’s impossible† (Salinger 173).When Holden see those words written on the wall he realizes that the youth has already gone through exposure to corruption and cannot go backwards. Holden now understands his inability to save the children from â€Å"falling†, growing up. Since Holden has spent most of his time refraining other from going into adulthood, he did not see how much he himself has fallen. Holden has many similar qualities to a former classmate, James Castle. â€Å"Holden is identified with Castle by Castle’s having killed himself while wearing Holden’s sweater and by Castle’s appearing just before Holden on the roll call and school. This carries the implication that Holden maybe next in line for Castle’s death† (Rosen). James Castle’s way of and to death influenced Holden’s view of life. He suddenly became ostracized in society surrounded by a bunch of â€Å"phonies†. Death was the start and end of Holden’s loss of innocence. Holden never truly had an adult figure in life. His parents detached themselves from him, in times of his need. Feeling like he needed to communicate with someone he called his former teacher, Mr. Antolini. Holden wants to catch children from falling, where as Mr. Antolini wants to save Holden from a rough way down. â€Å"I have a feeling that you’re falling, a terrible,terrible fall† (Salinger 186).Mr. Antolini says this because ever since Allie’s death Holden has had a series of falls. Even though Allie was younger than Holden, he idolized him and thinks very highly of him. Mr. Antolini symbolizes Holden’s loss of Allie, loneliness, and inability to posess self-esteem. Holden wants to provide insurance for children so they do not experience the reality of society and from â€Å"falling† into a deeper hole. Making sure he succeeds, he does everything to keep them from going over the edge. Holden grows up through the novel, and realized that losing one’s innocence in is an unavoidable part of life. In this stage of life one makes the most mistakes and learns from them. If one never went through experience necessary to grow into an adult, they would seem very naà ¯ve and easily taken advantage of. People that have gone through the difficult crossing over want to protect children from the hard-ships. Works Cited Rosen, Gerald. â€Å"A Retrospective Look At The Catcher In The Rye.† American Quarterly 457-462 Salinger, J.D. The Catcher in the Rye. Boston: Little, Brown, 1951.

A Review Of Online Payment Systems

A Review Of Online Payment Systems CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION In this Oligocene world, electronic ecommerce has grown explosively. According to Hof (2003), on 1994 with 6 million to 2003 which have approximately 40 million households in the United States alone made at least one consumer purchase from the internet, the advancements in computer technology and deregulation of financial markets especially in the payment system which for transfer money. Traditional payment systems are flexible instruments such as drafts, checks, credit card, debit cards, and documentary credit. Some payment systems had substantially a different appearance of payment that includes the credit mechanisms. Nowadays most of the users usually make the payment through electronic payment system. As we know Electronic Payment is a division of an e-commerce transaction offered through the internet for buying and selling goods or services and non-credit-card online payment systems. The appearance of e-commerce has created new financial needs that in many cases. Some of them using a way to fraud such as credit card fraud and subjected to more digital attacks. The awareness and knowledge about the electronic payment system are needed to prevent fraud to develop. An electronic payment system is needed for expiation for some information, goods and services, this information provided through the internet as a convenient form of payment for external goods and services on consumption of system resources, access to copyrighted materials and database searches (Clifford neuman,1999). Broadly electronic payment systems can be classified into two categories such as Online Payment Cards System and Electronic Banking Payment System. Each payment system has its advantages and disadvantages for the customers and merchants. These payment systems have numbers of requirements, example security, acceptability, convenience, cost, anonymity, control, and traceability (Sumanjeet, S., 2009). Electronic payment systems may be more expedient for international online business due to vary in credit card customer protection laws in different countries. The picture of e-banking in the United States is one of a wide variety of services used by a disparate number of consumers. Approximately 91 percent of United States households have a bank account and, of these, 93 percent have one or more Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) features associated with their accounts. In 2003, the number of Automated Teller Machines (ATM) transactions stood at 902 million per month, up slightly from 2002 (EFT Data Book, 2003). In addition, by 2003, the number of point-of-sale debit transactions stood at 495 million per month, up 21 percent from 2002, and the volume of electronic payments in the United States in 2003 exceeded that of checks for the first time (Jane M. Kolodinsky, 2004). While consumers may be willing to adopt e-banking technologies, they also want assurance that problems will be resolv ed and that some transactions will remain personal (Goldfarb, 2001; Financial Technology Bulletin, 2000). Nowadays the e-banking system also very common on internet, it works by their retail, credit union, and virtual bank by secure the website to carry out the financial transaction by customers. Some e-banking goods and services are still infancy and going innovations build through the internet growing rapidly as a marketplace for the exchange of both tangible and information goods and services. Besides online marketing and internet usage are growing to be more advanced. Paying is not definitely paper currency on the transaction, because the transaction going substituent with the electronic payment system or the card. Multitudinous payment mechanisms suitable for use in this marketplace are in several stages of development. This research projects scope is limited to electronic payment systems which focused on the needs of consumers. As in usually the case with payment innovations, the success of the smart card will depend on market circumstances and cooperation among the banks. The proper timing of the introduction may depend on consumer readiness to use the new system, which will itself be largely due to prior experience and innovativeness (Andreasen, 1991). The Numerous Payment Systems have been pervasion on the marketplace, the new system prepared to accept by better consumers. To the level that consumers have experience with previous systems, the responsiveness and information of a new payment system will be facilitated. Lastly , this research project is a key of understanding of consumer behaviour and their payment choices, and also the factors that influence the consumer choose to use e-payment. Moreover, this research project oration the usage of the electronic payment system provided a brief literature review on electronic payment and purpose to explain the determinants which affect the usage of users towards electronic payment system. 1.2 History of Electronic Payment System In late 1970s technology such as Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) to promote e-commerce transactions, authorized to operate in order to promote, such as purchase orders or invoices for electronic business documents. In 1979, Michael Aldrich contrived a technique as e-commerce; the technique was about online shopping to allow consumers and business through online transaction processing to shop from home and to trade with other business. In 1980s the enlargement and receipt of credit cards, automated teller machines (ATM) and telephone. The first ATMs machines use of magnetically prearranged plastic, the money could not automatically withdraw from users accounts were off-line machines. So the customer would perhaps be apprehensively to let a machine handle their money. But the cards used an encoded magnetic strip, making them safe and reusable. Consequently, just the only customers with good credit history were able to use ATMs. Therefore nowadays the ATM industry Association states that there will 1 billion of users using this transaction in ATMs. Almost 80 percent belong to the private sectors (Commercial Union ATM, 2000). The process of conventional payment system and settlement involves a buyer-to-seller transfer of cash or payment information such as cheque and credit card. The actual settlement of payment takes place in the financial processing network. A cash payment requires a buyers withdrawals form his or her bank account, a transfer of cash to the seller, and the sellers deposit of payment to his or her account. Non-cash payment mechanisms are settled by adjustment such as crediting and debiting the appropriate accounts between banks based on the payment information conveyed via cheque or credit cards. Non-cash payment requires three separate elements. The buyer must have an agreed means of payment authorization and restructuring its bank to affect a transfer of funds. The sellers bank and buyers bank need an agreed method of exchange payment instructions. This is referred to as payment clearing (Singh Sumanjeet, 2009). The process of electronic payment systems have been in operations since 1960s and have been expanding rapidly as well as growing in complexity. After the development of conventional payment system, Electronic Fund Transfer (EFT) based payment system came into existence. It was first electronic based payment system, which does not depend on a central processing intermediary. An electronic fund transfer is a financial application of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), which sends credit card numbers or electronic cheques via secured private networks between banks and major corporations. To use EFT to clear payments and settle accounts, an online payment service will need to add capabilities to process orders, accounts and receipts. But a landmark came in this direction with the development of digital currency. The nature of digital currency or electronic money mirrors that of paper money as a means of payment. As such, digital currency payment systems have the same advantages as paper c urrency payment, namely anonymity and convenience. 1.3 Problem of Statement Despite the rapid development of electronic payment systems, innovative services, but still faces some challenges. Business e-markets as herald fundamental changes in the source and the computer-assisted alternative to existing market arrangements for trading in practice (Malone et al., 1989). Areas of impact include online catalogues, multimedia mail, electronic payment, brokering services and collaborative engineering. Initial implementations of electronic commerce have focused on the provision of telecommunications-based infrastructure in support of Internet-oriented services and electronic payment systems (Kohala Coast, HI 2009). Electronic payment systems should offer at least as much confidentiality as traditional payment systems currently do. The goal of this requirement is that payment data should not be exploitable in order to obtain more precise or more comprehensive information about involved entities example payer profiles. Thus, confidentiality properties of electronic payment systems can be distinguished regarding which information they reveal to which parties. Confidentiality of payment information against other parties can be achieved by encrypting communication which is no specific property of payment systems. Note that confidentiality in electronic payment systems cannot prevent information flows which may happen outside an electronic payment system among involved parties for example by observing communication networks, or revealing data in further commercial interactions (Fiat, Naor 1990). Security are keys for the successful implementation of the payment system, electronic payment security has missed out on a lot of technical innovation improvements seen in other industries. But as levels of fraud continue to increase, so too will the cost to the consumer. If this problem is not addressed, credit cards and electronic payments may become an unviable option for consumers (Benjamin Graham, 2003). (Please add research questions before research objectives) 1.4 Research Objectives Basically, there are several objectives for this study. This research project carries the objectives are as the following: To determine the awareness level of electronic payment systems To identify the factor that influences the usage of e-payment systems. To determine the current usage level among usage and the application of the electronic payment system. 1.5 Significance of the Study The significance of the study is to study about the awareness of electronic payment system for university private student which is Multimedia University in Melaka. In this research will study on various independent variables affecting the awareness of electronic payment system for student which are personal factors, demographic factors and type of benefit whether can affect Melaka private university student on their awareness of usage of electronic payment system. Many people do not aware of the importance of electronic payment system to more easy complete on their financial transaction. Nowadays the computer enables us to access all the money in the world, even we carry a credit card we could around the world. Using the electronic payment system could let us enjoy much better life. Lastly, the significance of this study would definitely be in accordance with the objectives mentioned earlier. 1.6 Scope of the Study This research will focus on the awareness and usage of electronic payment system among Multimedia University students in Melaka campus. The assumption that can be made by survey conducted using random sample to obtain the primary data. Survey instrument is in questionnaires form. In order to achieve the objective of the study, the questionnaires question will be set based on research objective and hypotheses statement. It is to ensure that the data that had been collect are useful and can be analyzed. 1.7 Organisation of Research Project This study is divides into five chapters as follow: Chapter 1, Introduction, introduces general information of electronic payment system. It also covers the history of electronic payment system, problem statement, research objective, significance of the study, scope of the study and limitations of study. Chapter 2, Literature Review, presents the state of electronic payment instruments and type of credit card, debit card, electronic purse card and electronic banking. This chapter reviews how the previous researchers summarized the relationship between usage of electronic payment system with behavior and perception of users towards the electronic payment system. Chapter 3, Methodology is telling the method of investigation. This chapter describes the conceptual framework that as the basis for designing a questionnaire to conduct an empirical study. Chapter 4, Result and Discussion, after the survey is done, a discussion is conducted to verify the result obtained. Chapter 5, Conclusion and Recommendation, summarizes the main result and provides the contributions of the study. Recommendations and limitation are being provided.

Alternate Energy Sources :: essays papers

Alternate Energy Sources WINDMILLS The reason why I chose to do a project on windmills is because I would always drive out to Palm Springs and I would see these huge thing’s that looked like something out of a star wars movie. When I got closer to them I realized what they were. They were windmills. Once I knew what they were I wanted to know what they did, my mom told me that they provide energy. Windmills are made of parts such as the rooter electric generator, speed control system and the tower. When there is a large group of windmills, they are called wind farms. Wind farms are located in deserts. Because wind mill farms are usually in the desert the energy has a long way to travel to get to a town. Some advantages to the windmill is that it’s a renewable source of energy and it’s very cheap, the energy that comes will never run out because the sun gives off convection currents which the energy from windmills will never run out. Another great thing about the wind mill is it needs very low maintenance. Some cons to the wind mill is that they are not as people would like. Because the wind has no rules you can’t always depend on it. You can’t save up wind mills for when there is an energy crisis like right now. People complain that windmills are too noisy, but since not that many people live very close to them its not that big of an issue. A very bad problem with windmills and a sad one is that the blades of the windmills kill lots of migrating birds. In the olden days they used to use windmills for energy to grind grain. In factories they would use windmills to saw wood. During the 1800’s in America people would use the mills to pump water. Wind power is the fastest growing form of energy.

Franco Zefferellis Romeo and Juliet and Baz Luhrmanns Romeo and Julie

The astounding perils of young love has been eloquently captured in the story of Romeo and Juliet. Franco Zefferelli and Baz Luhrmann are the creators of the two most renowned film adaptations of William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. Zefferelli, the more traditional director, created his Oscar winning version in 1968. Baz Luhrmann put an abstract, modern twist on Shakespeare's classic and created the 1996 version that raised millions of dollars in box office sales. Being that these two films are so different, I have chosen to compare them to one another, using the famed balcony scene as my focus. In the Franco Zefferelli adaptation, proceeding the extravagant Capulet party, Romeo walks down a dark stone path alone with his very boisterous friends trailing closely behind him. They sound drunken and unruly so Romeo seeks refuge from them by climbing rocks into a nearby forest. He pauses in the darkness to listen to his confidants joke about how fantastic a lover Romeo is, and he smiles in amusement at the contents of their commotion. Traveling deeper into the foliage, Romeo sees the light pouring from Juliet's window and continues towards it in curiosity. He walks slowly in the darkness until he clearly sees the illuminated palace in which Juliet resides, finding his love leaning on the balcony wall. Juliet wear a white gown which makes her appear very angelic and virginal. Her hair is soft, her eyes sparkle, and her innocence is undeniable. Romeo moves slowly and quietly through the bushes trying to get a better look at her, and, doubting his presence there at that time, he pa uses and leans his head against a tree, trying to remain anonymous. Juliet rests her cheek in her hand as the moon shines down on her young face a... ...ndured, yet I'm sure that few have viewed both of these phenomenal films. Each director, in their own right, is a creative genius. They pushed themselves to create the best interpretation of Romeo and Juliet that they knew how, not knowing what Shakespeare's true directorial intentions were. Whether life is seen through a traditional viewpoint or a contemporary viewpoint, Shakespeare will always remain Shakespeare--a creative genius in the truest sense of the word. If Shakespeare himself were given the opportunity to view Baz Luhrmann and Franco Zefferelli's interpretations of his play, I believe he would be proud. Works Cited Herndon, L. (1997). 1968's Romeo and Juliet [internet] Location: http://www.geocities.com/hollywood/9521/rj1968.html Luhrmann, B. (1996). William Shakespeare's Romeo+Juliet [Film] Zefferelli, F. (1968). Romeo and Juliet [Film]

The Health Benefits of Exercise :: Physical Exercise Fitness Health

Exercise is important for many reasons. If you do not exercise your body you will eventually loose it. Your body will become weak and you will loose muscle tone. Your organs won't function properly. Doing a few simple exercises each day will not only keep you fit but will also tone your body. Exercising for at least 30 minutes a day will improve your overall health. Not only does exercise help your body, it helps cleanse your mind. The good news is that you do not have to spend money to join a gym. You can achieve the benefits of exercise in the comfort of your own home. Yoga The word yoga originates from the Yuj which is a Sanskrit word meaning to join. It indicates joining all aspects of the human being. It unites the body with the mind and soul to bring fourth a joyful, balanced and useful life. Yoga spiritually combines the person with the principle. Research show that practicing yoga helps control anxiety, chronic fatigue syndrome, depression, diabetes, stress, and more. Physically, yoga can increase your flexibility and strength. It can also improve your posture. Yoga – Information on the benefits of yoga and different beginner exercises to try. The Secrets of Yoga - Information on the different positions of yoga. Yoga, As a Lifestyle – A guide on everything you need to know about yoga. 10 Ways Yoga Can Improve Your Life- The different ways that yoga can improve your life. Some Important Aspects of Yoga – The different aspects of yoga such as Hatha Yoga, Bhakti Yoga, Jnana Yoga, and Raja Yoga. Yoga:Tap into the Many Health Benefits of Yoga – Information on how yoga can help minimize chronic stress. Videos: Yoga – Learn yoga poses and positions. The Yoga Workout for Flat Abs – Yoga exercises that work your abs and heal your body making you feel relaxed. Pilates A system of the of the mind-body exercises are known as Pilates. Pilates were brought fourth by a man named Joseph Palates. Pilates can change the way your mind and body feel by building strength without developing mass, composing a smooth toned body with a flat stomach and slender thighs. Pilates help get your mind in tune with your body. The exercise focuses on proper breathing and helps correct spinal and pelvic alignment. Breathing properly is vital to achieve different movement and power while exercising. Pilates require concentration which allows your body move in a continuous and gentle flow.

Individual Relationship with Your Friends Essay

Mr. Hanif Abu Bakar Dengan berpandukan bincangkan bagaimana media atas talian (termasuklah sms dan sebagainya) boleh memberi manfaat kepada pelajar dan pensyarah semasa berkomunikasi. Bincangkan juga kelemahan komunikasi atas talian berbanding komunikasi bersemuka. Sila cadangkan cara mengatasi kelemahan tersebut dan perkara-perkara yang boleh diimplemenkan di Unimap dalam memudahkan komunikasi antara pelajar dan pensyarah. Anda boleh menggunakan teori komunikasi/media seperti â€Å"Media Richness Theory† bagi membantu tugasan anda. Bagi mendapatkan jawapan, sila temuramah sekurang-kurangnya lima pensyarah yang menggunakan media atas talian untuk berkomunikasi dengan pelajarnya. Sila sertakan bukti temuramah bersama tugasan atau semasa pembentangan. Discuss how online media (including sms, etc. ) can be beneficial to students and lecturers to communicate or share information with each other. Also discuss the disadvantages of online communication comparing to face-to-face communication. Please suggest how to overcome these weaknesses and the things that can be implemented in UniMAP in facilitating communication between students and lecturers. You can use any theories of communication / media such as â€Å"Media Richness Theory† to help your assignment. To get the answer, please interview at least five lecturers who use online media to communicate with students. Please attach proof of interviews with assignments or during a presentation. Interviews should be recorded All transcripts should be attached with the assignments Assignment should be no less than 30 pages Madya Abdul Aziz Mahmuddin What are the effective communication strategies used by UniMAP’s lectures? Interview at least 5 lecturers and answer the above question. Please provide a brief biodata of your respondents. a)Record the interview (to be submitted in the CD together with the photograph of the engineer (attach in your report) b)Provide organization’s profile and biography of the respondent (interviewee) c)Transform the dialog into a written format and analyse the information to answer the above statement Relate your discussion with personal experiences, concepts and elements of interpersonal communication (e. g. social penetration theory) as well as the process of relationship development. Bincangkan bagaimana kamu membangunkan hubungan individu dengan sahabat kamu. Kaitkan perbincangan kamu denggan pengalaman peribadi, konsep dan elemen komunikasi interpersonal (e. g. teori penembusan sosial) yang mana sebagai proses pembangunan hubungan. Based on the above statement, you are required to review and discuss in-depth and critical of the statement. You need to interview the engineers/ businessman of any organization to support the statement. In this task, you need to: a)Record the interview (to be submitted in the CD together with the photograph of the engineer (attach in your report) b)Provide organization’s profile and biography of the respondent (interviewee) c)Transform the dialog into a written format and analyze the information to answer the above statement

Behavioral Risk Factors

There are presumably various predators towards the health issues within the society. As much as some of them are unprecedented, it is with deep concern that we can describe the role of the family on influencing and determining the aspect of health to its members.The natural setting of the family which comprises both the social, economic and cultural factors has a lot in determining the levels of risk in health of its members. The ingredient and lifestyle of the family setup plays a predominant role in determining the risk levels of the family.The social economic and cultural dispensations held by the family determines how the family is depended on the various sets of control measures such as dietary, physical exercise, family related health implications and the scores of preventive measures that govern the family (David, et al, 1998) Generally, the supportive ingredient for complimentary and alternative medicine for therapeutic response of many health related issues is modeled and go verned by the response of various family related precepts.The levels of education, region of family residence, family income, status of education and other sociodemographic factors are highly influential. However, their control and governance is modeled by the role of the family within its social setup in the society. Through the threshold of the family influence, various complimentary and alternative medicine factors such as using appropriate diet to control diseases and ailments, procurement to physical exercise, social controls arises.These are aimed at avoiding the negative influence towards behaviors such as drug use and abuse and engagement in morally health behaviors in support of good health that has been of necessity in control of health risk within the family setup. The social context of the family plays a predominant role in shaping the nature of health risks for its members. This is the social function of the family in control of the health of its members (David, et al, 1998)The origin and backgrounds of various ill-health and complications are determined by the state of the family as a control variable. The strength of the family in terms of income, level of education to its members, social stabilities such as stress controls, search for preventive attentions to health problems and the setup in its general medical attention governs the levels of risks in health related aspects.According to a research done on the relationship between socioeconomic factors and the response towards mortality and health behaviors of the family, positive results showed that the general setup of the family in terms of its commitment to health regulation through physical fitness, adequate diet and social influence were important in determining the levels of health related issues.As of great importance, the socioeconomic dimensions of the family are therefore implicit in determining the levels of its health matters for the family members. Reference David, R, et al (1998) Socioeconomic Factors, Health Behaviors, and Mortality. Journal of Pediatrics.

Presentation Analysis Worksheet Essay

Who is the audience for this presentation? General public and computer programmers. What is the purpose of this presentation? Inform people of the new windows operating system by Microsoft, how it is improved over the last system, and the advantages it will bring. Explain how the topic is specific and relates to the audience. The topic relates to everyone because a majority of the general public own operate a computer system that is ran by Microsoft will most likely be interested in upgrading their current system to the newest edition. It is also relevant to the computer programmers because they will be dealing largely with this system when it is released and will need to have a knowhow of how it work and a knowledge of how to troubleshoot it if need be. Target Audience Analysis: What special adaptations for these audience types might be necessary for this presentation to be effective? Technical Personnel Going more in depth over the technical side of the presentation will be key for these audience members because they will want to know how the system work more in depth then say the general public and want to know how it will benefit them to know this new operating system. Non-Technical This would be important to target them in order to show them though they may not be non-technical they can still have an understanding of the system and be user friendly without a vast amount of knowledge. Management Targeting the management level will be important because they will likely be  the ones to push the product out to lower personal and will possibly be the ones to have to train them on it too. Client/Stakeholder You would want to target these people because they will be the ones with money and provide you with the funding needed to push your product. Age/Experience Both age and experience will play a special role into this because the younger crowd will want to have the latest products released in order to be relevant in society. On the other hand experience will play a role because the more experience you have the more you are going to want to have the newest technology if it benefits you. Other (specify) Environment Analysis: What special adaptations may be necessary for the environment or situation of the presentation? Size Size will be important in the matter of formatting and computer space, you do not want to offer up an operating system that will take up a vast majority of your computer memory system. Physical setting The physical system will not play too much of a role because it is something that the user will not see unless if you are presenting what the software will look like onto a computer. Audience knowledge Presenting to an audience that has a knowledge of understanding of what you are talking about or presenting forces you know what you are presenting to them and may allow you to go into more depth then what you may have presented to someone who may not know as much. Audience interest/focus Keeping the audience focused and locked into what you are saying is important because they will simply lose interest into what you are saying and could potentially lose possible clientele. Attitude toward topic Having a positive attitude of what you are saying is going to keep the interest of the audience because they are going to see that you are actively interested and feed off of your energy and want to learn more. Speaker credibility Being a credible speaker is going to bring more of an audience base because everyone will know that you are positive speaker, know what you are presenting and give out the best information to them. Occasion This will be important because you do not want to give a presentation on Christmas when everyone minds are not focused on what you are saying or presenting and all they want to do is go home. So having the right occasion can be important when presenting. Speaker ________________________________ Topic________________________________ What devices will you use in the introduction to gain audience attention? What steps will you take to relate the topic to this audience? What is the main idea you want to convey to the audience? What are the presentation’s main points? Why did you develop these particular points? What supporting materials will you use and why? What steps will you take to make language clear and appropriate to this audience? What adjustments will you make in delivery—rate of speech, volume, tone of voice, gestures, and the like—to communicate your ideas?

Media Analysis Essay Essay

I have chosen the movie Signs to do my worldview analysis on. First, I will discuss the worldviews that the main characters in the movie have. I will then answer the question of if the characters were true to their worldviews. I will also discuss the obstacles that the main characters faced that deterred the character or characters from living out their worldview. Lastly, I will describe mental, emotional, or spiritual reactions I had to the movie as well as explain if I agree or disagree with the worldview present in the movie. I will start by saying that the main character had a Christian worldview but in the beginning of the movie, due to a tragedy in his life, he had an atheist worldview. I know the main character, Graham, had a Christian worldview before the tragedy happened in his life because he was a priest. After the tragedy in his life he stopped being a priest and completely left the church. Graham told everyone to stop calling him father and upon a conversation with his brother Merrill about faith he told him that he did not believe in miracles. He also explained the things his wife told him right before she died as being the result of scientific reactions in the body rather than them having any real significant meaning for a special purpose. This is proof of Graham switching his worldview to that of an atheist. Graham’s brother, Merrill, had a Christian worldview all throughout the movie. I know this to be true for Merrill because he openly says during the faith conversation that he is de finitely a miracles man. I will now move on to the question of whether or not the main characters were to true to their worldviews. Merrill remained true to his worldview throughout the whole movie. I know this to be the case because he said he was a miracles man and he also prayed for his nephew when he was having the asthma attack and had no inhaler. Graham, however, was inconsistent with his worldview throughout the movie. First, he started out with an atheist worldview because losing his wife made him lose his faith in God. When his son started having his asthma attack he went back to praying and asked God to please not take his son away to. Graham then got his faith back from this experience with his son. After this experience Graham continues to pray in response to the alien spraying the poison gas in his sons face as well as that the inhaler and shot help him pull through. At the end of the movie it shows that Graham goes back to being a priest and starts living out his Christian worldview again. With that being said, I will now discuss the obstacle in the main character, Graham’s, life that caused him to avoid staying true to his Christian worldview. This obstacle was the loss of his wife. The death of Graham’s wife was not only hard for him because he lost her but because of how traumatic the accident was. This caused Graham to give up on his Christian faith and not believe in God at all. After the accident Graham stopped being a priest and stopped praying as well. This is why I know that it was the loss of his wife in particular that caused Graham to stop living out his Christian worldview. Lastly, I will now discuss the emotional, mental, and spiritual reactions I personally had about the movie. I felt very saddened over the loss of Graham’s wife because I could not even begin to know how awful it would be to lose a spouse. I also found it very sad to watch the children deal with the loss of their mother. The moment at the dinner table when they are all setting down to what they think could be their last meal together was also very moving and a very important part of the movie in my opinion. The whole family broke down and cried together and the moment when Graham pulled his brother Merrill over by the shirt to make him join in the hug made me cry. This part in the movie is the definition of family to me. The part of the movie that moved me spiritually was when Merrill told Graham he was tired of seeing his big brother lose his faith in God. My favorite part was when Merrill said that he never wanted to see the look in Grahams eyes again when he said they were having the faith discussion earlier in the movie. This part also made me cry and feel like cheering in agreement with Merrill. I also have to say that I strongly agreed with the Christian worldview in this movie, especially Merrill’s because even in great fear and tragedy he still remained true to his Christian worldview. In conclusion, I very much enjoyed watching this movie and it certainly moved and touched me emotionally, spiritually, and mentally.