Self-Test Questions on Organization Structures and Designs Essays

Individual test Questions on Organization Structures and Designs Essays Individual test Questions on Organization Structures and Designs Essay Individual test Questions on Organization Structures and Designs Essay Most genuine. Interpersonal organization examination recognizes the casual structures and their installed social connections that are dynamic in an association. Bogus. Recognizing the casual structures and their installed social connections that are dynamic in an association characterizes social strengthening examination. More genuine. Three basic kinds of customary hierarchical structures are useful, divisional, and network. More genuine. An expected disservice of utilitarian structures concerns troubles in pinpointing duties regarding cost control, item or administration people, idealness, and development. More genuine. Included among the possible favorable circumstances of divisional structures are greater adaptability in reacting to ecological changes and away from of obligation regarding item or administration conveyance. More genuine AAA work process is a gathering of undertakings identified with each other that all in all makes something of significant worth to a client. More genuine 1 . The expected inconveniences of group structures incorporate clashing loyalties among individuals in regards to both group and useful assignments and the unreasonable time spent in gatherings. More genuine 2. The upsides of system structures incorporate (a) remaining cost serious through decreased overhead and expanded working effectiveness, and (b) working with less full-time representatives and less unpredictable inner frameworks. More genuine 3. A virtual association is an extraordinary type of a limits association. Valid. Decentralized power, less guidelines and systems, and individual methods for coordination are attributes of natural plans. More genuine 5. Versatile associations work with at least bureaucratic structure and with societies that energize specialist strengthening and interest. Erroneously. Restricted ranges of control make an association that is progressively productive and adaptable, though more extensive ranges Of control for the most part bring about extra administration overhead expenses. More genuine 7 - Authority is the option to act in approaches to complete the doled out undertakings. More genuine 8. Staff can develop to where it costs more in managerial overhead than the staff is worth. Different Choice AAA. We dont engage others since we dread losing B. Workers C. Trust D. Cash E. Nothing unless there are other options . A. Control 820. Is the way toward organizing individuals and different assets to together to achieve an objective. A. Arranging. B. Arranging C. Controlling. D. Driving. E. Fixing. AAA . Any association structure ought to and . A. Dispense task assignments through a division Of work accommodate the coordination Of execution results. B. Dispense task assignments through a division of work accommodate the formation of a level association. C. Distribute authoritative assets to significant divisions accommodate the oversight of less significant offices. D. Appoint great pioneers to the successful work groups allocate more unfortunate pioneers to possibly powerful work groups. E. Allot authoritative destinations to divisions, offices, and work groups accommodate the coordination of execution results. EYE. Which of the accompanying snippets of data can't be resolved front an association diagram? A. Formal correspondence channels. B. Kind of work performed. C. Division of work. D. Levels of the executives. E. Casual dynamic alliances. 24. Jill, an ongoing MBA graduate in the field of bookkeeping, is the fund director of ION Company. Jill has an issue with a shadow association in his division. One reasonable first step in Quite a while the executives procedure may be A. Meeting with his representatives to tell them he is the chief. B. Promising rewards just to those representatives who concur with him and work with him. C. Looking to comprehend and work with the shadow association. D. Terminating the individuals who are individuals from the shadow association. E. Accepting his staff is attempting to subvert him and act as needs be. CA. At the point when an association diagram shows VPs of showcasing, assembling, account, and HR detailing legitimately to the leader of an organization, the top administration bunch is sorted out as a structure. A. Even. B. Vertical. C. Useful. D. Divisional. E. Lattice. Father. Structures that bunch together occupations and exercises that are serving similar clients or customers are called B. Procedure. C. Framework. D. Client. E. Land. Structures. A. Item. B 27. EX. Advertising makes groups of representatives from fluctuating divisions inside the association when dealing with ventures for their customers. This blend of individuals from various regions of work duty is a case of: A. Interdepartmental group. B. Cross-practical group. C. Self-overseeing group. D. Undertaking group. E. System group. E 28. Associations are those in which cooperation and exceptional correspondence replace formal lines of power. A. Divisional. B. Utilitarian. C. Geological. D. Lattice. E. Limits. C 29. Triple Z Inc. Is another organization that is thinking about the kind of hierarchical plan to use in its activities and is thinking about a structure that is portrayed by decentralization, more extensive ranges of control, and barely any guidelines butt-centric methods. Triple Z is thinking about which kind of plan? : A. Robotic. B. Conventional. C. Natural. D. Bureaucratic. E. Transformational. C 30.

Discovering Texas essay

Finding Texas paper Finding Texas paper Finding Texas essayThe factors that could bring about Texas changing from a Republican Party overwhelm state, to a Democratic one remember monetary changes and expanded segment changes for the area that could significantly build the interest of voters in political decisions. Additionally, a Democratic gathering could get predominant in the state if there were the open doors for political development, for example, the appointment of new initiative, the changed hierarchical structure and different components. At long last, the gathering could get fruitful and command in Texas if countless voters from the Republican Party were pulled in by the Democratic Party during political races. It is important to recollect that â€Å"Republican development was influenced by a few financial and social powers that conflated during the 1960s-1970s to empower a rising and well known picture of progressivism as frail, flippant and failed†. The suggestions at the state and national level if it so mehow happened to make this change would be extensive. On the off chance that a Republican Party neglected to win races, it couldn't control administering associations and organizations. At the end of the day, it couldn't command the open strategy process in an appropriate manner. It is important to recollect that Republican and Democratic Parties have their quality at the state and national levels. The previously mentioned change could prompt clashes between overseeing associations and organizations at the state and national levels. Additionally, these suggestions could be clarified by the way that the two gatherings command political decisions on the national level, and they rule races at the state and neighborhood levels. These realities imply that the suggestions at the state and national level if it somehow managed to make this change could prompt changes in world of politics.

How to Buy Cursive Writing Paper

How to Buy Cursive Writing PaperFor many, the idea of purchasing a Cursive Writing Paper may seem a little to difficult to handle. But did you know that there are more options now that will help you learn the basics of how to write in cursive?First, it is important to understand what type of writing paper it is that you are looking to purchase. Depending on your need, you may be able to find the appropriate paper for you may have to make a choice between one or the other. Many people make the mistake of purchasing paper that does not come with cursive.Most times, this type of paper will only come with the basic two-page format and the cursive. So if you are looking to learn how to write in cursive, this may not be the right option for you. In many cases, the paper will come with the basic design of one page per side.Now, when you begin to look at purchasing a new set of writing paper, you may want to begin by comparing a few different choices. First, you can go to your local grocery store and purchase your selection of papers. Or, you can consider purchasing the paper from your local craft store and bring it home. Regardless of which route you take, you can compare what is available with the above two options.Secondly, you can check out the online stores to see what is available for purchase. With the internet becoming such a big part of the retail world, there are many different stores that offer a large selection of Cursive Writing Paper. By shopping online, you will be able to find the same type of selection as you would find in your local stores. When you make your purchase, you will be able to find the paper that will work best for you and the amount of space you have available on your desk.Once you have decided on the type of paper that you are looking for, you can begin your research. You will find many books that are available to help you learn how to write in cursive. Some of these books will allow you to print off pages, but some will also allow you t o take them to class with you and be able to review the pages as you are studying.If you find that you do not have a lot of time to spend reading through books, you can opt to take online classes and allow yourself to concentrate on learning how to write in cursive. This can also be beneficial as you can access the material at your own pace.By considering the different options that are available, you can ensure that you find the perfect Cursive Writing Paper for you. Take some time to look over what is available and be sure to get the one that works best for you.

Explain The Importance Of Health And Inclusion - 988 Words

Under the disability discriminating Act 2005 we have a duty of care to provide safe access and facilities to people with wheel chairs. This has included a large toilet facility with a wide door and drop down latch and an exit button by the front door at a lower height. Unfortunately tin Action for Children this was also at a height that young children could press. Although we maintained that all children should be supervised by their parents on our site it was felt that it was our duty of care to take away the risk of children running out into the street which is on a main road. After consultation with the parents through our family forum, our manager and the site manager made the decision to move the button up higher so that children†¦show more content†¦This should be reflected in our workforce including our volunteers. Unit 3.3 - Understand how to develop systems and processes that promote diversity, equality and inclusion 3.1 - Analyse how systems and processes can promote equality and inclusion or reinforce discrimination and exclusion. Last year befriending covered one area that we worked in. Predominantly white older people were our clients - I think the previous coordinator has the perception that those older people did not want befrienders unless they were 40 year old plus and white. This may have been the case in previous years. I do not know. However last year our befriending service expanded in to another area that we cover. Unfortunately the current amount of volunteers recruited can not meet the need for demand. They do not represent the makeup of the communities we now serve and they are not aware of the issues facing these communities as they are not from them. There needs to be more of a shift to developing positive action to recruit to roles such as befriending to ensure we are developing and sustaining a volunteer group that can respond to local community, the need and that they have local knowledge. This way our organisation is aware of issues facing minority groups that we are working with. We have â€Å"inside† knowledge of what makes these communities tick and we can promote our volunteering opportunities to people that would enhance our service. Action for Children opposes all forms ofShow MoreRelatedLevel 3 Diploma998 Words   |  4 Pagespoor education could effect future goals and aspirations * Disability; unable to access certain services or activities * Poverty; poor health and hygiene, lack of activities and experiences being accessed * Housing; poor health, unable to develop fully. * Offending behaviour; convictions, effecting social ties and job opportunities * Health status; effect social ties, education, job opportunities * Personal choice; effect social ties, education, job opportunities, crime Read MoreLeadership Styles And Theories Of Leadership876 Words   |  4 Pagesethical leadership as well as those of diversity and inclusion in the workplace. Select and identify one leadership theory or style that you believe best aligns with your own thoughts of what leadership means. You will use that theory or style to analyze your strengths and weaknesses. Describe the leadership characteristics you already possess. Then, describe at least two additional leadership characteristics you would like to develop. Explain how these characteristics will allow you to guideRead MoreDiscrimination and Young People706 Words   |  3 PagesFinal draft Feb 2010 Title Promote equality, diversity and inclusion in work with children and young people 3 2 Assessment criteria The learner can: 1.1 Identify the current legislation and codes of practice relevant to the promotion of equality and valuing of diversity 1.2 Explain the importance of promoting the rights of all children and young people to participation and equality of access 1.3 Explain the importance and benefits of valuing and promoting cultural diversity in work with childrenRead Moreunit 12 nvq3 Essay976 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿UNIT 12 PRINCIPLES OF DIVERSITY, EQUALITY AND INCLUSION IN ADULT SOCIAL CARE SETTINGS. 1) Understand the importance of diversity, equality and inclusion 1.1) Explain what is meant by :- Diversity- recognises that all though people have thing in common they are also different in many ways. Diversity therefore consists of visible and non-visible factors which include personal characteristics such as backgrounds culture, by recognising and understanding our individual differences andRead MoreDementia: Learning and Assessment Criteria Essay929 Words   |  4 Pageslearning hours: Unit expiry date: Unit accreditation number: Understand the diversity of individuals with dementia and the importance of inclusion DEM 310 3 3 23 31/03/2015 Y/601/3544 Unit purpose and aim This unit is aimed at those who provide care or support to individuals with dementia in a wide range of settings. The unit covers the concepts of equality, diversity and inclusion that are fundamental to person centred care practice. Learning Outcomes The learner will: 1 Understand the concept of diversityRead MoreTDA 3.61678 Words   |  7 PagesUnit 306 Promote equality, diversity and inclusion in work with children and young people Outcome 1 Promote equality and diversity in work with children and young people 1.1 Identify the current legislation and codes of practice relevant to the promotion of equality and valuing of diversity The education act is based towards the school responsibilities towards children with special educational needs. It means schools must provide resources, equipment and extra support to meet the needsRead MorePromote Equality and Inclusion in Health, Social Care or Children’s and Young People’s1094 Words   |  5 PagesPromote Equality and inclusion in Health, Social care or Children’s and Young People’s Settings (SHC33) Outcome 1 : Understand the importance of diversity. Equality and inclusion 1. Explain what is meant by: Diveristy, Equality and Inclusion †¢ Diversity is about acknowledging your prejudices, allowing people to be different and respecting these differences. It is also about challenging others if necessary and speaking up for the individuals you support when they cannot speak up forRead MoreChampion equality, diversity and inclusion1712 Words   |  7 PagesChampion equality, diversity and inclusion          1.1 Explain the models of practice that underpin equality, diversity and inclusion in own area of responsibility. Equality is to treat all as individuals; to respect race, disability, age, gender, religion, beliefs ,culture and sexual orientation. For all to be open to opportunities, to be treated fairly and respectfully, have rights and equal status in society and for all to reach their full potential. Diversity is to value that we are all uniqueRead MoreList Key Legislation And Codes Of Practice1177 Words   |  5 Pages2.1; list key legislation and codes of practice relating to diversity, equality, inclusion and discrimination in adult social care setting. There are several pieces of legislation that chains the principles of a number of previous acts. The purpose of this act is to join many of the principles of previous pieces of legislation to make it easier to understand, in places to promote equality and reduce the discrimination, such as; †¢ Employment Equality Regulations 2003 †¢ Special Educational Needs andRead MoreUnit 4222-303 Promote Equality and Inclusion in Health, Social Care or Children’s and Young People’s Settings1578 Words   |  7 PagesUnit 4222-303 Promote equality and inclusion in health, social care or children’s and young people’s settings Outcome 1 Understand the importance of diversity, equality and inclusion 1. Explain what is meant by Diversity, Equality and Inclusion Equality Equality is the term for treating people fairly and offering the same chances, it’s not all about treating everyone in the same way, but recognising everyone is different, and they all have very different needs, but making sure they are met

Community Violence And How It Affects School Aged Children

While reviewing the various Human Rights that have been designated by the United Nations for safeguarding the children in the world, there appeared to be a strong correlation with some articles and the research topic that my group has proposed. My group has suggested for a topic examining community violence and how it affects school aged children. This topic will attempt to show a correlation how violence that takes place in urban environments can have an adverse effect on children and their learning patterns causing a decline in education. The three articles that address this topic of rights of children are; article 19, article 29, and article 39. Article 19 states that â€Å"parties shall take all appropriate legislative, administrative, social and educational measures to protect the child from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury, or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation, including sexual abuse, while in the care of parent(s), legal guardian(s) or any other person who has the care of the child (Reichert, 2006).† Children who live in low socioeconomic neighborhoods frequently are at a greater risk for violence or become witnesses to violence causing emotional and physical trauma. The second article is article 29 which states; â€Å"state parties agree that the education of the child shall be directed to: The development of the child’s personality, talents and mental and physical abilities to their fullest potential (Reichert, 2006).†Show MoreRelatedScope Of Community Violence Among Children1502 Words   |  7 PagesScope of Community Violence among children in the United States Community violence refers to a wide variety of events such as: terrorism, riots, gang wars, mass shootings, bombings, drive-by shootings, murders, kidnappings, drug dealing, robberies, domestic violence, abuse, harassments, and others (Finkelhor, Turner, Ormrod, Hamby, Kracke, 2009; Hamlen Goguen, 2016). Every country in the world experiences some violence. However, the United States has been described as the â€Å"most violent countryRead MoreBecoming A Social Worker, Values, Beliefs, And Theory Of Practice782 Words   |  4 Pagessocial worker. As social worker practitioner the fields that interest me to work in is domestic violence and child abuse because I want to make change to the society. Also Mahatma Gandhi was my major inspiration through this quote â€Å"Be the change that you wish to see in the world†. Than an idea came to me, why not involve my contribution to the wide variety of communities. My communication with school counsellors and social workers has imp acted my choice of desiring to study social work. I realisedRead MoreEffects Of Youth Violence781 Words   |  4 Pagesissues which affect the population, youth violence is one of many issues. Youth violence is a behavior in which serious consequences and is now one of the primary public health issues of our period. Youth violence has affected not just the offenders but also their families and the community. Absence of positive role models, violence in families, victims due to violence, poverty and living in a community where crime is committed all contribute to youth violence. Youth Violence Youth violence refersRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Children1445 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is domestic Violence? Domestic Violence is described as violent or aggressive behavior within the home, typically involving the violent abuse of a spouse or partner. Many children end up being the victims to seeing domestic violence in the home which is very unhealthy to their development. Some children may development resentment toward both parents- one for not leaving and the other for causing the abuse. Depression, aggressive behavior, emotional distress and suicide depending on the severityRead MoreSocioeconomic Factors Contributing to Crime and Violence in Jamaica1729 Words   |  7 Pagesproblem with crime and violence. For years there have been numerous attempts, through policy and legislation, to reduce the level of crime in Jamaica. Based on international statistics, this is a country that has suffered from a high crime rate for years, being near the top of internatio nal homicide rate lists since the 1970’s (Gilbert amp; Sookram, 2009). In this paper an attempt will be made to provide some level of insight into the possible contributing factors to violence in Jamaica. The factorsRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society Essay1691 Words   |  7 Pagesacross the world at lightning speed. With all the great things social media offers, it also presents undesirable characteristics that seem to negatively influence people, and more specifically young children, to the point where many have ultimately rejected the idea of joining the online social community. Social media has also provided people, who intend to use the service only to do harm, the ability to reach victims across the world. Additionally, social media has exposed the young generation toRead MoreHow Domestic Violence Affects Children As Well As The Mental Health Of Its Victims1744 Words   |  7 PagesWhitney M. Young Jr School of Social Work LaShoney Frink Review of Literature The purpose of this literature is to deliver an extensive overview of the research topic. This chapter will provide a historical background on domestic violence, a historical perspective of the services provided and an overview of different forms of domestic violence. The goal of this literature review is to examine the statistical information that is presented as it relates to domestic violence. This literature reviewRead Moreforce have contributed to a dramatic shift in family eating habits. The traditional family dinner900 Words   |  4 Pagesresulted in a growing number of latch-key children. Often these children are responsible for providing snacks and dinner for themselves and their younger siblings. Compounding the problems associated with latch key children, parents’ perceptions of safe neighborhoods also contribute to increases in childhood obesity. Our local community lacks organized opportunities for safe, recreational activities; therefore, in the absence of adu lt caregivers, many latch-key children are instructed to remain inside theRead MoreVideo Game : Video Games1584 Words   |  7 Pagesplayed by boys and girls, young and old alike in today’s society. Many experts fear that this violence in video games increases violence in people in real life, causing people to act out as if they were in the video game, increasing aggressive behavior so much that it could actually escalate to shooting, stabbing, and killing people. There have already been many cases of these extreme examples of violence in the news that share a connection with video games. Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, the infamousRead MoreThe Cost Of Domestic Violence1662 Words   |  7 PagesCenteria Cooley Sociology 101 Professor Nelms 20 November 2015 The Cost of Domestic Violence in America â€Å"Just because the scare have healed, doesn’t mean the pain has.† –healthyplace.com Domestic violence is a pattern of behavior used to exhibit control over another person through fear and intimidation by threat, force, or use of violence in intimate relationships. This issue has been an overlooked problem in American society for ages however as it becomes mainstream time and time again and the

Concept Of Kindergarten Readiness - 3838 Words

Concept of Kindergarten Readiness Kindergarten readiness is a term that one hears in preschools all over the country. It is of very high concern to parents and teachers alike. What is kindergarten readiness? Graue (2010) reminds us that â€Å"it has been generally accepted and reliably supported that kindergarten readiness is determined by more than age†. It is a broader concept of the skills necessary to make a smooth transition to the kindergarten classroom so that they can be successful (Wesley Buysse, 2003). That could mean many different things to many different people, especially when the context of the school and family is considered. How are we to come to a shared meaning? In their study of the predictive validity of one specific†¦show more content†¦There are also varying thoughts on what it means to â€Å"properly place† a child. â€Å"Tests are used to determine who may enter kindergarten, as well as to identify those children in need of remediation and those who qualify for advanced placement, â€Å" (Ellewein, Walsh, Eads, Miller, 1991). The list of skills that one may find on a kindergarten readiness checklist has been described by Graue (2010) as a â€Å"crazy quilt of skills and dispositions.† There is constant tension about how many of those skills and dispositions should be academic, and how many should be social, but there is a pervasive thought that they as a whole they tell us something meaningful about the child. Graue (1993) and Snow, Burns, Griffin (1998) explain that â€Å"Although a child s readiness for school can be viewed as a complex interplay between the child s entry skills, the teacher s beliefs and activities, the connection between the family and the school, and the school system s philosophy and structure , entry skills alone are among the best predictors of later academic performance,† (as cited in Kurdek Sinclair 2010). This is the belief that underlies the societal norm of testing young children the way that we do One of the most common ways that assessment is achieved is through a mix of teacher observation and parent

Coca Cola Project Report free essay sample

PROJECT REPORT ON â€Å"A Comparative Study of soft drinks† POST GRADUATION DIPLOMA IN MANAGEMENT (Session: 2010-2012) Submitted By: Shiva Bhardwaj EBS ID- 0101PG009 ERA BUSINESS SCHOOL DWARKA SEC -9 NEW DELHI PREFACE Research report is an integral part of management courses. Project report experience refers to knowledge and skills acquired by a student by participation in activities performed by professional. It is distinct from an education in which theoretical knowledge is acquired. The ability to develop solutions to practical through application of theoretical knowledge is acquired by management students in the course of their Project report. It also helps the students to develop professional competence and related skills as also to imbibe certain ethical values and norms expected of professionals. The soft drink industry has entered to booming phase and soft drink is available everywhere like water. To monopolize market powerful projects are undertaken. This project is an endeavor in that direction. The development of soft drink market it is necessary to touch all areas and the soft drink should be available in rural areas as well as in urban sector, now the companies are focusing on rural market and the strategies for that are made and market research for the promotion is needed. The emphasis in the project is providing the study and an insight into Indian FMCG Business Scenario. The Summer Project is designed to provide participation of MBA program as on the job experience. This has given a chance to try and apply the academic knowledge and gain insight into corporate culture. This helps in developing decision-making abilities and emphasizes on active participation by the student. We undertook our Research in Coca cola Hindustan, a leading Bottler and Marketing partner of the beverage. During the project, we had worked on the topic â€Å"A comparative study of soft drinks†. We gained valuable experience knowledge during the survey. The Project consists of findings, data analysis then SWOT analysis conclusions were drawn and finally recommendations were put forward. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The Research report will be incomplete without acknowledge giving my sincere, gratitude to all persons who have helped me in the preparation of this research. First of all, I thank â€Å"GOD ALIMIGHTY† for the blessings showered on me throughout this project work, which has helped me in the successful completion of the training. I express our thanks to Hindustan Coca cola Beverages Pvt. Ltd. for granting me the permission to work with the esteem organization. I am also thankful to Mr. ASHUTOSH- (MIS EXECUTIVE) ADVANCE SALESSERVICE Pvt. Ltd Coca cola Beverages Pvt. Ltd who guided and helped us in all possible ways they could, at every stage of the report. My humble thanks are to Mr. Ajay singh (TRAINING MANAGER) for guiding me during research report. I would also like to thank all the Executives, distributors staff of Hindustan Coca cola Beverages Pvt. Ltd who provided us all the relevant information and their kind support, on the basis of which this report has been prepared. Lastly I would like to pay our special regards to my internal guide for their encouragement and full support for completion of this report work. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. ObjectiveofStudy . Scope of the Study 4. Market of Soft Drink in India 5. Product/Services 6. Research Methodology 7. SWOT Analysis 8. Findings 9. Suggestions 10. Limitations 11. Conclusions 12. Annexure Questionnaire 13. Biblography INTRODUCTION Modern age is full of competition. Today only way of success is your continuous efforts towards the growing market needs and in satisfying them. It i s the marketer job to know what the market speaks i. e. the ever changing needs of the customer through market research adopt them fruitfully. It is must for all the companies to make policies according to the customers and the government. Today, to succeed for any organization has to target its customer needs, to create a culture in the organization i. e. market conscious responsive to customer needs. Soft drinks constitute one of the largest food industries in the world today. Soft drinks industry has become big business in India in recent years. The soft drink business underwent major change with the entry of PEPSI and re-entry of COCA-COLA in India in the late 80s when Parley with brands like Thums up, Limca Gold spot was a clear leader. Coca-Cola took up the product line of parley in 1993-94; today both brands are the Indians favorite soft drinks. Tremendous advances have taken place in the process technology in the soft drink industries in the past two decades. SOFT DRINK MARKET IN INDIA Today India is one of the most potential markets, with population of around 900 million people, the Indian soft drinks market was only of 200 cases per year. This was very low even compared to Pakistan and Philippines. Population and potential market are two major reasons for major multinational companies of entering India. They feel that a huge population coupled with low consumption can only lead to an increase in the soft drink market. Another increase in the sale of soft drinks is the scorching heat and the climate of India, which is suitable for high sale of soft drinks. All these factors together have Today India is one of the most potential markets, with population of around 900 million people, the Indian soft drinks market was only of 200 cases per year. This was very low even compared to Pakistan and Philippines. Population and potential market are two major reasons for major multinational companies of entering India. They feel that a huge population coupled with low consumption can only lead to an increase in the soft drink market. Another increase in the sale of soft drinks is the scorching heat and the climate of India, which is suitable for high sale of soft drinks. All these factors together have contributed to a 30% growth in the soft drinks industry. If the demand continues growing at the same rate, within two years the volume could touch 1 billion cases. All these factors are the reasons for the entry two giant of the soft drink industry of the world to enter the Indian market. These two giants? Pepsi and coca-cola, themselves share 96% of the soft drink market share. Rest is shared by Cadbury? Schweppes and other soft drink brands. But was the scene same 20 years ago? The answer is no. 1970 was the year of pure soft drinks campa cola and Parle people (Thums up and Limca). The major participants involved in the production and distribution of soft drink are concentrate and syrup producers, bottlers and retail channel. Concentrate producers manufacture basic soft drink flavors and retail channel refers to business location that tells or serves the products directly to consumers. Soft drink is not a product, which a person plans to buy before hand, but is an impulse purchase. Lots of sale depends upon the strength of merchandizing done at the point of sale. It all begin in 1977, a change in government at the center led the exit of coca-cola which preferred to quit rather diluting its equity to 40% in compliance with the foreign exchange regulation act( FER A). The first national cola drink to pop up was double seven. In the meantime, pure drinks exits, switched over to campa cola. The beginning of 1980? s saw the birth of another cola drink, Thums up, Parle the gold spot people, launched it in 1978-79, as â€Å"refreshing cola†. By the mid-eighties Mc Dowell? launched thrill, and by the late eighties there was double cola, which entered in India market, as a new-run out fit with its plant in Nasik {Maharashtra}, in 1978 Parle, Indian soft drink? s market (share 33%) with its gold spot and Limca brands. Later Thums up also started. At the same time the threat to the Indian soft drinks was that of fruit drinks. In 1988, fruit drinks market was valued at Rs. 40 crore and grew at the rate20 %. Coca-cola entered Indian by buying up to69 % of the 1,800 crore soft drink market {i. e. 5 Parle export brands of Thums up, Limca, Gold spot, Citra Maaza}. Today the scene has changed making it a direct battle between two giant coca-cola and Pepsi. The picture will become clearer by looking at the India market shares in the beverage industry. One of the strongest weapons in coke armory is the flexibility it has empowered its people with. In coke every employee, may he be a manager or salesman, have an authority to take whatever steps he or she feels will make the consumers aware of the brand and increase its consumption. Thus coke believes in establishing and nurturing creditability of the salesman and making commitment to grow business in accounts. All these factors together led to a high growth in the Indian market and constantly increasing market share. COMPANY PROFILE COCA-COLA (US) Coca cola is a world leader in beverages, with revenues of about $35 billion and over 180,000 employees. The company consists of the snack business of Frito-Lay North America and the beverage and food businesses of Coca cola Beverages and Foods, which includes Coca cola Beverages North America (Cola North America and Gatorade/Tropicana North America) and Quaker Foods North America. Coca-cola International includes the coffee businesses of Frito-Lay International and beverage businesses of Coca-cola Beverages International. Coca Cola, the name and the product represent simple moments of pleasure for consumers in nearly 200 countries around the globe. Many of Coca-cola brand names are over 100-years-old, but the corporation is relatively young. Coca-cola was founded in 1923 through the merger of Pepsi-Cola and Frito-Lay. Tropicana was acquired in 1998 and PepsiCo merged with The Quaker Oats Company, including Gatorade, in 2001. Coca-cola Company–Coca-cola (formulated in 1898), Diet coke (1964). Mission of the Company: Continuously excel to achieve and maintain leadership position in the chosen businesses; and delight all stakeholders by making economic value additions in all corporate functions. Coca-Cola bottling plant opens in 1950 in New Delhi, operated by pure drinks Ltd. In 1951 Bombay plant opens, also operated by pure drinks Ltd. In 1953 and 1954 Calcutta Kanpur bottling plant opens in 1950 in New Delhi, operated by pure drinks Ltd. In 1951 Bombay plant opens, also operated by pure drinks Ltd. In 1953 and 1954 Calcutta Kanpur bottling plant opens cont. 973 was the time when 22 bottling plant operated in 13 States. In 1978 Coca-Cola withdraws Indian operations. In 1992 KO resumes business operation in India in joint venture with JMRPCO. After that KO acquires Parleys brands (Thums up, Limca, Maaza, Gold spot, Cintra, Rimzim. ) 1994-Plants open in Bombay, Calcutta and New Delhi. In 1996 Can, PET plant started in pune. 1998-First Greenfield plant opens in Ahmadabad. H INDUSTAN COCA-COLA BEVERAGE Pvt. Ltd In the network of the Coca-Cola system, Coca-Cola has either of the two bottling operation done for the company. 1. COBO (Company Owned Operated Bottling Operation). . FOBO (Franchise Owned Operated Bottling Operation). After 1993, when Coca-Cola re-enters India market, done a lot of changes in existing system of soft drink market prevailing in India, by acquiring the major brands and the bottling operations from Parle after this company founded some of its own bottling operation in India. In year 1997, company did a major investment of $700 million in India by purchasing other bottling operations, all around India and introduces new technology in them. These bottling plants are called Company Owned and Operation Bottling Operation. Company has full ownership and operational In year 1997, company did a major investment of $700 million in India by purchasing other bottling operations, all around India and introduces new technology in them. These bottling plants are called Company Owned and Operation Bottling Operation. Company has full ownership and operational right for these types of operations. The other type of bottling operation for the company are called Franchise Owned and Operated Bottling Operation, to these, the company has given the right to produce the product for the company and to supply with the territory assigned by the company. Company has no ownership or operational right/ control over these. In India Company have 26 COBO and 14 FOBO operations for the production and control of the whole operation in India. These are divided in to various zones that are given in the marketing mix section of this report. Hindustan Coca-Cola Beverage Pvt. Ltd. First established plant is Hathras in India, second largest plant is Dasna, and the largest one is in Bangalore. Hathras plant has 3 RGB filling l ines. The RGB line operates at mechanical efficiency of 90%. Company doesn? have the facility for filling Maaza (RGB and Tetra Pack) a Mango flavor drink of Coca-Cola, pet bottling and water plant. Coca-Cola buys a numbers of bottlers in India. Integration of all bottling units into one Indian Company bottler, Hindustan Coca cola Beverages Private Limited (HCCBPL) comes into its existence in 1997-1999. In July 2005HC CBP L becomes a separate bottling entity (CBO) reporting in bottling investment group (BIG), Atlanta. Today, the world’s preferred soft drink; Coca-Cola is one of the world’s, best-known and most admired trademarks, recognized by more than 90 percent of the world’s population. BUSINESS SEGMENTS The KO Group is divided into main three-business segments- Beverage, Juice Miner Water. It has a leading market position in each of its three business segments. Their balanced portfolio produced a solid business performance. Products, which look to the future, ensure that we will be well placed in growth markets. THE PRESENT POSITION OF COKE IN INDIA Indian Beverages industry’s volume is Rs. 1200 Crores and it is dominated by two player’s viz. Coke Pepsi only. This high profile industry has lot of potential for growth as per capita consumption in India is 8 bottles a year as compared to 20 bottles in Sri Lanka, 14 in Pakistan, while 12 bottles a person in Nepal. Coke is a households name and is the lips of every one. In present time every person knows the name of coca cola since India is one of biggest market and sultry summer from March to the end of October and huge population has immensely helped in the sales of coke in India and its making it more economical. Last years, the market share of Coca Cola was not specific. In this year company’s top Last years, the market share of Coca Cola was not specific. In this year company’s top management adopted new policy and decreased the rate of all brands of coke. By this decision top management determined the rate of 300 ml / 7 Rs and they made a new brand of 200 ml determine the rate of this brand 5 Rs. By which medium size family and lower level family can be enjoying coke. By this decision company’s marketing share has been increased. In present time coke is captured approximate 70% market share in cold Dinks line. Now coke has defeated all the soft drinks company. According to service and according to advertising coke has appropriate position. It has now emerged as the winner and has a good image in the market. INGREDIENTS OF SOFT DRINK: Coca-Cola uses only the finest ingredients to make their beverages. Coca cola to guarantee their consumers consistent quality, each ingredient must pass through high standards, rigorous quality control tests and strict bottling procedures. Coca-cola products contain natural flavors, including extracts of the kola nut, flavor oils derived from natural sources such as citrus and other fruits. Caramel (made from corn sugar) adds color and flavor to colas. Other ingredients add a refreshing taste: phosphoric acid in colas; citr ic acid and sodium citrate in Mazza. Coca-cola also put a freshness date on every can and bottle. Soft drinks may lose some flavor over time so freshness date tells consumers when the product is freshest and best tasting. Every can and bottle of coke products has a Nutrition Facts panel, which shows the number of every can and bottle of coke products has a Nutrition Facts panel, which shows the number of calories and other nutrients per serving. There is essentially no fat in any coke product. The main ingredients found in Coca-Cola products include carbonated water, carbohydrates, sugar, sodium, potassium and caffeine. For a complete breakdown by ingredients by product, see coca-cola product information for Thumsup, Diet Coke, Mazza, sprite, Fanta, Limca Kinley water. Ascorbic Acid Another name for Ascorbic Acid is Vitamin C. The Ascorbic Acid used in carbonated soft drinks functions as an antioxidant to protect the flavors, color, and taste. In some beverages, its also add it to Another name for Ascorbic Acid is Vitamin C. The Ascorbic Acid used in carbonated soft drinks functions as an antioxidant to protect the flavors, color, and taste. In some beverages, its also add it to provide the nutritive value found in Vitamin C. Aspartame Aspartame is a sugar substitute used in diet beverages and many other food products. Aspartame is made of the same building blocks as protein, so it is considered a nutritive sweetener, but the very small amounts used in diet drinks contribute no calories. Blue1 Blue 1 is a FDA-approved food coloring used in a variety of products such as jellies, condiments, puddings, and beverages. Brominated Vegetable Oil (BVO) Brominated vegetable oil has been used by the soft drink industry since 1931. It is a widely used food additive that has been extensively tested and approved by the U. S. Food Drug Administration. Brominated vegetable oil is derived from soybean oil that has been modified in order to keep the flavoring oils well blended. Caffeine Caffeine provides a characteristic flavor to soft drinks. Caffeine is naturally found in coffee, tea and chocolate. For comparison, an 8-oz. cup of brewed coffee can have from 85-120 mg of caffeine o n average, while an 8-oz. erving of coca-cola contains about 25 mg of caffeine. An 8-oz. cup of coffee therefore contains 3-4 times as much as caffeine found in a caffeinated colon. There is no caffeine in Caffeine Free Coke, Caffeine Free Diet Coke, Kinley, Mazza, Sprite Fanta. Caramel Caramel is a flavoring that is added to some of beverages. Citric Acid Citric Acid can be found in citrus fruits such as lemons and oranges. Citr ic acid is used to bring out the flavor of other ingredients and imparts a tang or tartness to beverages. Citric acid is not Vitamin C. The same fruits that have citric acid often have Vitamin C but the technical name for Vitamin C is ascorbic acid. High Fructose Corn Syrup High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS) is a sugar derived from corn and provides sweetness and taste to beverages. HFCS has the same sweetness as table sugar (sucrose) and has almost the identical composition of fructose and glucose. Natural Flavoring Natural Flavorings are flavoring ingredients that are the essences or extracts derived from natural plant sources. Natural Flavorings are what gives a product its distinctive flavor and taste. Coca-cola products are the only products with these distinct flavor blends, which are considered part of our secret formula. The term natural flavor is defined by the food and drug administration and all of our natural flavorings meet this definition. Phosphoric Acid A small amount of phosphoric acid is added to soft drinks. However, it is greatly diluted and is fully approved by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration for use in soft drinks. Phosphoric acid provides tartness, essential to a well-rounded flavor. Phosphorus, like calcium, is an essential mineral in bone. It is widely distributed in the food supply, including fish, milk, meat, eggs and cereal grains. Potassium Potassium in Coca-Cola products may come from water or as part of certain ingredients. For example, potassium may be combined with benzoic acid, which helps prevent spoilage and flavor changes. Potassium is an electrolyte that helps meet the mineral needs of active people. Quillaia Quillaia Extract is a purified extract derived from the bark of the Quillaia tree. It is carefully selected based on its characteristics. It is cooked, filtered and pasteurized. It is FDA-approved, non- hazardous. Quillaia is found in some of our frozen drinks. Red 40 Red 40 is a FDA-approved food coloring used in beverages. Sodium All of our products are low sodium and contains less than 110 mg per eight-fluid-ounce serving. A number of beverages have less than 35-mg sodium per serving, so they are considered very low sodium products. Sugar Regular soft drinks and sports drinks are sweetened with sugar. There are many types of sugar available today. In soft drinks and sports drinks, the sugar is primarily high fructose corn syrup, which comes from corn. Total Carbohydrates Total carbohydrates include the sugars and any carbohydrate-like parts of ingredients, such as organic acids. Although diet drinks may have no sugar, they may contain more than half a gram of carbohydrate. Yellow5 Yellow 5 is a FDA-approved food coloring. Used since 1916, it is found in a variety of products such as skim milk, yogurt and macaroni and cheese. COMPETITIVE ARENA The soft drink market all over the world has been witnessing a neck to neck battle between the two major players, Coca-Cola and Pepsi since the very beginning. The thirst quenchers are trying hard to have the major chunk of the pie of carbonated soft drink market. Both the players are spending their energies in building capacity, infrastructure, promotional activities etc. Coca-Cola being 11 years older than Pepsi has dominated the scene in most of the soft drink markets in the world and enjoying leadership in terms of market share. But the Coca-Cola people are finding it hard to keep away Pepsi, which has been narrowing the gaps regularly The two are posing threats to each other in every nook and corner of the world. While Coca-Cola has been earning most of its bread and butter through beverage sales, Pepsi has a multi products portfolio with some portion from the same business. The two warriors are face to face once again here in India with different strategies and tactics to attack the rival. Coca-cola is focusing upon the joint ventures with the existing bottlers {FOBO } franchise owned bottling operations to enhance its control on manufacturing and marketing of its products range and attain the quality standards of its class. Countering it Pepsi has taken the battle in its own hands by floating as investment of $ 95 billion to set Pepsi Company. India holdings, as subsidiary for { CO BO } company owned bottling operations. Both the companies are following different path to reach the same destiny i. e. to fetch the bigger portion of aerated soft drink market. Both consider India a huge potential market, as per capita consumption here is a mere 3 serving annually against the world average of 80. Therefore, they are putting in their best efforts to woo the Indian consumer who has to work for 1. 5 hours to buy a bottle of soft drink. In comparison to the international norms minutes, a major hurdle to cross over for both the athletes for getting no. position comparison to the inter. Coca-cola is well set with its 53 bottling sites throughout the country giving it an edge over competition by processing a well-built bottling and distribution set- up. On the other hand, Pepsi, with two more years in India, has been able to set an image of a winner in India and has been able to get the pulse of the India soft drink market. The soft d rink giants are leaving on stone unturned and her for the long terms. Coca-cola has been penetrating the market through its wide product range with a determination to change consumption pattern of soft drink in India. Firstly, they upgraded the whole industry by introduction 300 ml bottles, which in turn had given the industry a booming growth of 20% as compared to the earlier 5%. They want to develop a coca culture here and are working on a strategy to offer soft Coca-cola has been penetrating the market through its wide product range with a determination to change consumption pattern of soft drink in India. Firstly, they upgraded the whole industry by introduction 300 ml bottles, which in turn had given the industry a booming growth of 20% as compared to the earlier 5%. They want to develop a coca culture here and are working on a strategy to offer soft drink in every possible package. In coca-cola camp, the idea of competition has not come from Pepsi, but from the other beverages such as tea, coffee, Nimbu-Pani, water etc. Pepsi is quite aggressive in its approach to Indian consumer. They are desperately working on the strategy to be winners in the hot cola war between two big barons. According to Pepsi philosophy, it’s the madness that encourages executive to think, to conjure up those creative tactics to knock the fizz out their competition. Pepsi had plumbed a large on the visibility of its blue red and white logo. They have been going with aggressive marketing by putting Amir Khan, Akshay Kumar in their advertisement to endorse their brand, the role models for its targeted consumer the teenagers. They have increased the fizz in the market place by introducing the dispensers called fountain Pepsi and have been enjoying a lead over its rival there. Coca-cola on the other hand, has been working on the saying slow and steady wins the race’s side by retailing to every more of its competitor. They have procured the shield of Thums up with a handsome market share in Indian soft drink market. Countering Pepsi’s international commercial that used two chimpanzees to cock a snoop at coke, Thums up come with the ad line, â€Å"don’t be Bandar, taste the thunder†. Also Thums up has been positioned now very near to that young image of Pepsi and giving it a though time. These cool merchants have put everything on fire. It coke got the status of the official drink of wills. World cup, Pepsi blushed as nothing official about it. As Thums up projected as saaree jahan se achcha Pepsi was passionate enough with „freedom to be? nd now the â€Å"yeh dil mange more† when Thums up came with thunder blast, the other offered „Pepsi stuff card?. If red is meant for coke, Pepsi has chosen to be blue. COKE’S MARKETING STRATEGIES Coke decides on its marketing strategies at a national level and lends them a local flavor,for example, while festival mo od plays a strong role in marketing, it is activated for Durga Puja in Calcutta;Dandiya in Gujarat, etc Coke has its focus on the youth market in India. As a first step toward catching the attention of the youth, coke signed on crickethe r o? s Yuvraj Singh. It slowly started talking about youth passions like cricket, films, festivals and food. Soon the advertisements started giving the message, â€Å"Eat Cricket, Sleep Cricket, Drink only Coca-Cola† And now it has started modifying film hits to frame catch lines that appeal to the youth. This particular strategy has worked well for coke. Coke is focused on distribution to ensure that its products are within customer’s reach. Andit saves its focus has begun to pay it dividends. As per mid-1998 figures coke is selling as many bottles in the hinterland of Punjab as it does the four metros THE FUTURE OF COCA COLA While doing business overseas offers coke wonderful growth opportunities it also has its own disadvantages. The economic slowdown in various overseas markets and the strong dollar had their impact on coca-cola revenues and bottom line in 1998. But the company is optimistic about the future. M Douglas Investor, the Chief Executive Officer of the Coca-Cola Company says, â€Å"This past year 2006 has been a challenging period for the Coca-Cola Company as economic environment became more uncertain in the later part of 2006, and we strongly believe that our fundamental opportunities for long term growth have not changed†. As long as maximization of share holder wealth remain Coke? s focus for its future is assured Goizueta had stated and proven to the world that focus on shareholder wealth does more good to the company than focus on revenues and it is As long as maximization of share holder wealth remain Coke? s focus for its future is assured Goizueta had stated and proven to the world that focus on shareholder wealth does more good to the company than focus on revenues and it is not that coke does not enjoy volumes for it is world? s No. 1 soft drink manufacture. It is not content with this title and is aiming at higher volumes year after year. Surely coke will continue to grow. Point on Roberto had reduced the company basically to its trademark and the returns are so astronomical as to be off the boards. It just absolutely added a jet engine to their performance COCA COLA GLOBALIZATION STRATEGIES The coca-cola company is global player and approximately 70 % of its volume and 80 % of its profit come from outside the United States of America. Although it was perceived as a standardized brand across the world, coca-cola had been quietly fine turning its international marketing strategies to suit the needs of individual national markets. Only the brand coca-cola, Sprite and Fanta were marketed globally. In Latin America and Europe, where heavy consumer? s preferred existed for lemon lime and orange soda. Coke had developed a wide range of formulations and flavors to cater the needs of different countries. In ei Salvador and Venezuela, a version of Fanta called Fanta kolita a cream soda type of drink became extremely popular. Similarly, in Indonesia coke had been selling pineapple and banana Limca, Maaza and Thums up in 1993. A 100 YEARS OF THE CURVY GLASS BOTTLE OF COCA COLA Coca-Cola Company marks a mile stone on Wednesday, 24th March 1899 Chattanooga; Tenn. where its first bottling plant was started 100 year ago by two men struck one of the most lucrative business deals in US history Joseph whitehead and Benjamin Thomas offered coca-cola company owner Asia Candler a dollar for the right to bottle soft drinks in 1899. Today 1 billion soft drinks are sold each day in more than 200 countries around the world. Candler had purchase what would become the cola company for $2,300 eight years earlier from john Pemberton, an Atlanta pharmacist who astonished the world. Candler though the bottling venture would never succeed, but he signed the contract with white head and Thomas any way, â€Å"and the rest is history†, bob Lovell, vice president of marketing for coca-cola bottling company. United inc. , said in telephone interview from Chattanooga. COKE’S BOTTLING STRATEGIES In the soft drink business the bottlers are responsible significant extent for ensuring the availability of the products. Bottlers are supplied with concentrate to which they add aerated water and ingredients before packing and sealing either cans or bottles. Bottlers play a strategic role in the success of soft drinks companies and this was not far from Goizueta? s mind. In 1986 the company merged some of its company owned bottling operations with two large ownership groups that had been put up for sale. All these bottling activities were combined to form its own subsidiary Coca-Cola Enterprises (CCE) to handle bottling operations. The Coca- Cola Company took 49 percent equity stake in Coca-Cola Enterprises enabling it to retain its own balance sheet. PROMOTION: THE COCA-COLA WAY Goal â€Å"To Have Coke Available within an Arm’s reached of Desire†. Consumer activity clusters:- Grocery shopping Other shopping services Eating and drinking Entertainment / Recreation / Leisure Travel / Transportation / Hospitality Educational At Work The 3A’s:- The strategy for reaching increasing numbers of consumers in India is based on the belief that consumers will buy our products it they are Available, Affordable and Acceptable. Strategies for the 3A’s Focus on the consumer and customer. To provide quality customer services, and caring about the quality of performance in respective jobs caring enough about what we do, to it the best we know how. The 3A? is Coca-Cola underlying strategy for meeting its goal to reach increasing numbers of consumer’s. How does coke position its limited resources to help meet its good? Let us explore the specific ways in which the Coca-Cola system addresses each of the 3 A’s :- Availability Some of the ways in which the Coca-Cola Company hopes to increase availability of its product i nclude improved or innovative packaging, dispensing systems, distributions system, and marketing. Affordability The ways to address affordability include pricing decisions, as well as resource management to make its product available at a price affordable to the consumer. Continually processes more efficient and therefore more cost-effective. Acceptability Making coca-cola brand products the beverage choice for any occasions depends on a variety of strategies to reach the target audience. The common strategies adapted to effect acceptability were though sponsorships, promotion youth market activities, community programs, and other activates. DISTRIBUTION IN THE COCA-COLA SYSTEM Getting Products to Market One of the values of the coca-cola system is presence that coca-cola should exist everywhere. To fulfill this goal, coca-cola not only produces products, but also has an effective system to distribute them all over India Distribution Distribution Sales + Delivery + Merchandising + Local Account Management. Distribution of Coke’s products includes the activities of sales, delivery merchandizing and local accounts management. These are two major types of distribution systems:- Direct and Indirect In direct distribution, the bottler partner direct control over the activities of sales, delivery, merchandizing and local account management. In indirect distribution, an organization which is not a part of the coca-cola system has control of one or more of the distribution elements (sales, merchandizing and local accounts managements). With direct distribution there are two types of sales:- Advanced sales and conventional sales. In conventional sales, all the distribution activities (Sales, Delivery, Merchandizing and Local Accounts Management) are performed by the same persons. In advanced sales, sales and delivery are performed by different people within the coca-cola system. Difference between customer and consumer. A consumer is someone who drinks coca-cola products. A customer is a business location which sells or serves coca-cola products to consumers. Merchandizing One the products are delivered to the customer’s they are promoted at the point-of-purchase to maximize the company’s sales opportunities, merchandizing involves looking at the presentation of the products through the eyes of the consumers. It is an on-going process that help the company present its products properly to the consumers in the market place for instance, is the display attractive? Are the product neatly organized. Presenting the Products Coca-cola presents its products for sale in four different ways. They are as follows:- Secondary display Coolers Vending machines Post mix / pre mix OBJECTIVE OF STUDY The purpose of research is to discover answers to questions through the application of the scientific procedures. The main aim is to find out the truth which is hidden and which is not been discovered yet. our main objective is to find out the solution of those problems which are the main barriers in the promotion of Coca-cola in rural market. To find out the problems faced by the channels of distribution. To find out the quality of the products in the market. To find out the response time to resolve quality of the products in the market. To find out the clarity of communication execution support from the company on trade/consumer related promos. To find out the levels of satisfaction among the retailers towards SGA. To find out availability of Coke Pepsi in the outlets. To find out the support from the company for enhancing brand image through POP POS materials. in order to find out market share of coca cola with their competitors also find out the issue related with the retailers w. . t the KO company. A questionnaire is to be prepared in order to get the frequency of issues related with the retailers For this I have to doretailer survey (in aliganj indiranagar gomti naga lucknow barabanki kanpur) GUIDELINES FOR CONSTRUCTING QUESTIONNAIRE / SCHEDULE The researcher must pay attention to the following points in constructing an appropriate and effective questionnaire or a schedule: (1)The researcher must keep in view the problem he is to study for it provides the starting point for developing the Questionnaire/Schedule. He must be clear about the various aspects of his research problem to be dealt with in the course of his research project. (2)Appropriate from of questions depends on the nature of information sought, the sampled respondents and the kind of analysis intended. The researcher must decide whether to use closed or open-ended questions. Questions should be simple and must be constructed with a view to their forming a logical part of a well thought out tabulation plan. The units of enumeration should also be defined precisely so tha t they can ensure accurate and full information. 3)Rough draft of the Questionnaire / Schedule is prepared, giving due thought to the appropriate sequence of putting questions. Questionnaire or schedules pervasively drafted (if available) may as well be looked into at this stage. (4)Researcher must invariably re-examine, and in case of need may revise the rough draft for a better one. Technical defects must be minutely scrutinized and removed. (5)Pilot study sh ould be undertaken for pre-testing the questionnaire. The questionnaire may be edited in the light of the results of the pilot study. 6)Questionnaire must contain simple but straight forward directions for the respondents so that they may not feel any difficulty in answering the questions. RESARCH METHODOLOGY Research in common parlance refers to a search for knowledge. One can also define research as a scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on specific topic. In fact research is an art of scientific topic. Some people consider research as a movement, a movement from the known to unknown. Research is an academic activity and as such the term should be used in a technical sense. esearch comprises defining and redefining problems, formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions; collecting, organizing and evaluating data making deduction and reaching conclusion; and at last care fully testing the conclusion to determine whether they fit the formulating hypothesis . s ocial science define the research as the manipulation of things, concepts or symbol s for purpose of generalization to extend ,correct or verify the knowledge aids in construction of theory or in the practice of an art. Research is thus an original contribution to existing stock of knowledge making for its advancement. The systematic approach concerning generalization and the formulation of the theory is also research. DEVELOPING RESARCH PLAN After deciding the objective of marketing research the next step is deciding research plan for gathering effective information related to this research project. The research consists of following steps, which are discussed subsequently. RESEARCH DESIGN Descriptive Research: In my market survey descriptive research process was carried out to describe the market characteristics, co Data Source: During project study I use both primary as well as secondary data source. For primary data collection I visited various retailers in Noida for secondary data I went through Books, Journals Internet. The information collected is relevant, correct unbiased. Research Design: I followed survey technique for collecting the data in market survey research approach. Here, I carried out information from retailers have carefully selected the instrument methods of surveying like I have chosen personal contact methods because of higher response rate meaningful responses this helped me to get the general feedback in coke, etc. Research Instrument:The research instrument used was RSS form. In which market information detail of each outlet should be filled in RSS form. For this I have visited selected outlet of lucknow/Kanpur/barabanki check all the brands packs of Coke Pepsi which are available or not or which one is available in comparison with Pepsi filled it in RSS forms. In my research process I have used closed ended open-ended questionnaire where respondents could answer in their own manner. Through this I was able to extract information from the respondents about Coke’s products detail of each outlet should be filled in RSS form. For this I have visited selected outlet of Lucknow/Kanpur/barabanki check all the brands packs of Coke Pepsi which are available or not or which one is available in comparison with Pepsi filled it in RSS forms. In my research process I have used closed ended open-ended questionnaire where respondents could answer in their own manner. Through this I was able to extract information from the respondents about Coke’s products the competitors. I marked its response as1 or2 which implies as Not satisfied or satisfied. If it satisfies me than its fine but if it? s not satisfying me than find out the issue due to which it comes into act. Sampling Plan: In designing the sampling plan following points were considered: ? Sampling Unit: It includes who is to be a surveyed retailer of lucknow Kanpur.. ? Sampling Size: I have surveyed about selected outlet of the area specified to me so size would reach up to 100 retailers. Contact Method: In my research process, I have collected information through personal interview process with the help of RSS Form. Form given by the company because it is the most reliable accurate method for collecting primary data. Through this, the analysis of body language facial expressions can be made. Methods of data interpretation: In this market study I have used pie chart for data analysis interpretation because pie chart is the easiest comprehensive medium for presentation of data ANALYSIS MARKET SHARE OF COCA COLA VS PEPSI IN THE MARKET In present situation of coca cola is very good in the market. The company has good market share approx. 67 % and remains 33 % market share covered by his close competitor Pepsi in this area. Last years situation was not that. Last years market share of coca cola and Pepsi was app. same in the market but in this year company adopted new strategy and provided good service and provide more and more customer satisfaction company top management have taken a good decision in this year. ANALYSIS MARKET SHARE OF COCA COLA VS PEPSI IN THE MARKET In present situation of coca cola is very good in the market. The company has good market share approx. 67 % and remains 33 % market share covered by his close competitor Pepsi in this area. Last years situation was not that. Last years market share of coca cola and Pepsi was app. same in the market but in this year company adopted new strategy and provided good service and provide more and more customer satisfaction company top management have taken a good decision in this year. Decision was that the flavor? entire rate should be decreased by which lower level people can be enjoying coke and the company provided a new flavor of 200 ml in the birth rupees of 5. This brand have got good position in middle level and lower level family so by the virtue of good strategy company have got good market share approx. 67 % right now coke position is much more stronger than Pepsi. Channel of Distribution Company Manufacturing goods Distr ibutors Dealer Company Vehicle Retailer Retailer Consumer Consumer Product Variation in the Market A. Coke B. Pepsi Coca cola Thumsup Orange(Fanta) Orange (Miranda Fanta orange Fanta green apple Fanta water melon Clearlemon Clearlemon (Sprite) (7up) Cloudy lemon CloudyLemon (Limca) (LemonMiranda) Fruit(Maaza) FRUIT(Slice) Maaza orange Maaza lemon Maaza pineapple Soda (Kinley) Soda(LeharEvervess) Mineral water kinley Mineral water aquafina COMPETITIVE MARKET SHARE BETWEEN COCA COLA / PEPSI Cola Orange Pepsi = 45% Mirinda Pepsi=75% Coke = 35% Fanta Coke=25% Thums up = 20% Cloudy lemon Clear Lemon Limca = 80% Sprite = 75% Lemon Mirinda = 20% 7UP = 25% ANALYSIS OF RSS FORM 1. Timely Supply of Finished Goods 2. Quality of Product We Supply ELEMENTS OF THE TRADE JO DIKHTA HAI WHO BIKTA HAI:-This is a company slogan, it is to increase the visibility of the product, the company stresses more on increasing the number of outlets than on the volumes of sales. That is the reason of the company providing visibility courses to the shopkeepers. A BOTTLE THAT IS CHILLED IS SOLD:-In the industry it is considered that a bottle is chilled or putting in cooling compartment is sold. That is the reason the policy providing triage? s come up because according to the contract the shopkeeper has to keep only only Coca-cola’s products in the visicooler. A BOTTLE LOSS TO COKE IS A GAIN TO PEPSI:- The competition is so strong between the two companies i. e. fighting is on for each bottle that is to be sold in the market. Competitive bidding goes on for each every prestigious outlet in their region. Monopolizing entries fast foods joints is their first priority. EMPTY kA HI KHEL HAI: [Empty plays an important role]:-As discussed earlier the distribution points keeps on putting up distribution schemes for retailers i. e. like two bottles of solution free with the purchase of every one carat of solution. Now these schemes have timed well keeping minding the environmental conditions schemes provided by the other company. These schemes are of twenty-four hours duration. If a scheme is launched there is no empty in the market for refill, the whole effort goes in vain that is the reason why we said empty ka hi khel hai. DISTRIBUTION STRATEGIES A Company can choose any of the following distribution types: Exclusive Distribution Selective Distribution Intensive Distribution â€Å"Coca-Cola† Has Adopted The Intensive Distribution Strategy. INTENSIVE DISTRIBUTION: A Strategy of intensive distribution is characterized by placing the goods or services in as many outlets as possible. When the consumer requires a great deal of location convenience, it is important to offer greater intensity of Distribution. This strategy is generally used for convenience items such as Tobacco, gasoline, and soap, snack foods bublegum. Manufactures are constantly tempted to move from exclusive or selective distribution to more intensive distribution to increase their coverage and sales and you could find Coke in nursing homes, confectionery shops, departmental stores; you name it Coke is available there. DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL REDIFINED Coke has redefined distribution to strengthen their competitive advantage in the emerging consumer and market scenario. Their earlier focus was to drive wide availability and enable easy access to their brands for consumers. Now they seek to go well beyond this distribution paradigm. Their new approach is more holistic touching consumers in multiple ways at the point of purchase and more importantly, creating opportunities for customers to receive brand message and experience our brands. They are proactively addressing these emerging trends by approaching distribution and channels in a much broader way. They are shifting emphasis from mere reach or availability expansion to touching consumers with a 3- way convergence- of product availability, brand communication and higher level of brand experience. They are thus going beyond delivering products and creating greater engagement and interaction around the purchasing experience. Coke’s reinvention of distribution is built on an understanding of emerging consumer trends, the retail environment and the growth drivers of our brands. Coke? s distribution system is a key external resource. Normally it has taken years to build and cannot be easily changed. It ranks in importance with key internal resources such as manufacturing, research, engineering and field sales personals. It represents significant corporate commitment to set policies and practices that constitute the basic fabric on which is woven an extensive set of long run relationship. Global Strategies Adopted By Which Coca-Cola Becomes No. 1 Drink Today Coke policy of listening closely to its salesman. Coke reacts immediately to suggestions. Coke is providing financial support to the week bottles in the form of interest free loans to upgrade their operation. Coke selling marketing effort has become cola centric. Apart from the capitalcost of the plant and equipment, the bottler has to invest in bottles,carat, trucks and the cooling structure (Visi cooler, icebox) at the retail point. To plan the proper utilization of manpower. To identify the activities where we can save time. Emphasis should be given on quality value and satisfaction. Customer retention is essential. More emphasis on direct and on line marketing Analysis of Data As we go along in the market there was mix reaction in terms of market share of Coke. In some area the Pepsi was doing better than its competitors and in some other area it was other way around there was some brands of Coke which were exceptionally doing well like Thums up which was far ahead of its competitor namely Dew which was brand of Pepsi and in some outlets people were only having Thumsup which give other brands run for their money. As in the case of other brands of Coke like Mazza which is a Non carbonated drink was good in demand practically in all areas. There are some analyses made during the process: ?Soft drink business? behavior is not governed by brand loyalty so the availability of the right brand, at the right place, at the right time is the key for winning consumer in soft drink business. which sell only Coke brands and 85%mixed in the soft drinks market in Noida/Ghaziabad and some of its brands like Sprite and Limca were performing above standards. ?The present distribution system of Coke is the best in the entire FMCG industry in Noida/Ghaziabad. The enhancement in the distribution network would definitely increase the market share of Coke. The retailers played a very critical role in the increment in the sal es volume of the product and they had to be kept satisfied in order to increase the market share by offering better schemes, discounts, display materials such as VISI? s, racks, counter, signage, wall paintings and better amount for purchase of shelf space for display. ? The existence of sub-dealers and super stockiest are also the major area of problem, as they do not movethe schemes and other display materials and incentives information to the retailers, which is one of the reasons for the dissatisfaction of retailers. The cut throat competition between COKE and PEPSI had lead to the never ending cola war and pricewar which has brought down the profit margins which is one of the major grievances apart from the common complains pertaining to schemes, incentives and display materials. Another critical issue was the presence of duplicate products of Coke in the market. The details of these outlets have been surrendered to the company for action against these outlets. SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGTH Beverage is a well-established industry, so it has a good reputation in the market. Advertising of soft drinks is much more aggressive in market. Backed by huge promotion at national international level. Lot of SGA? s provided in the market. Coke is attracting new generation segment due to availability of fountains especially in Noida; there is no fountain machine of Pepsi available whereas Coke has many. WEAKNESS Non-fulfillment of commitments on time, made to shopkeepers/retailers. Unavailability of various demanded flavors like Thums up Mazza during peak season. Not proper control over distribution network. Decrease in consumption due to cold. OPPURTUNITY May tie up or liaison with major showrooms, computer centers restaurant. Huge publicity of Lemon Limca has created a lot of demand. Company has brand equity in the eyes of customers, so its new products can easily penetrates in the market. Untapped market. THREAT Threat of competitors new brand entry in the market in near future. Restrictions made by Govt. agencies that soft drinks are harmful non-nutritive. Natural juice are now available whose price are less or same as soft drinks FINDINGS After visiting nearly 100 outlets I have found there are there are some common problems of retailers, which are: 1. The problem is of non-availability of some tasty flavors in market during peak season. 2. Every retailer wants that vehicle should come in the morning so that they will keep the bottles in the fridge as soon as possible. 3. One of the major problems is that most of the chilling equipment is not in good working conditions. Retailers have complained many times but no response is being taken. 4. Majority of retailers is asking about Boards, Openers Counters. 5. Delay in replacement of burst bottles. 6. Sampling due. 7. Some shopkeepers do not get scheme on time. 8. Some shopkeepers require signage. 9. It was found that at some outlets, Coke? s SGA is filled with the competitor product. 10. All the retailers appraised the regular supply of the company? s products. 11. Also at some places Coke? s signage is still hanging in spite of no transactions with those SUGGESTIONS Coca Cola, the choice of Generation next is providing the first choice of young generation. A young generation wants something strong in cold drinks thus prefers Thums up. Company should appoint competent honest salesman so that they could provide schemes to the entire retailer? cover their full route. It is often seen that some salesman do not intimate schemes to the retailer few of the retailers complained about it. So there should be frequent visits of Customer Executives to their respective areas to keep the shopkeepers benefited with various schemes. Delay in starting of supply vans from respective depot should be checked a proper time register should be maintained. Mos t of the retailers are complaining about non-fulfillment of commitments regarding they are satisfied. Most of the etailers are complaining about delay no replacement of burst bottles. Marketing Management should sort some solutions to this major problem of replacing burst bottles. Half filled bottles should also be checked at the time of issue of goods from the distributor? s godown to the respective routes. Company should try to give some credit facility to the distributors so that they get motivated. Credit facility for retailers should be provided. Proper feedback system should be developed by ensuring regular visits check randomly at the various outlets. LIMITATIONS Findings are based on the views expressed by the retailers. So it may suffer from biased prejudices. Weather conditions were not favorable. Some of the respondents were not co-operative many seem to be having no Interest. The study has not been intended on a very large scale, have the possibility of errors, which cannot be ruled out .Time limitations. Area was specified. It is extremely difficult to persuade retailer to respond to questionnaire. The retailer knows us as people from Coke there by the responses could have been biased CONCLUSION 1. After visiting nearly 100 outlets I found that Coke its Brands is doing a good job in Lko/kanpur It is clrear that Coke (67%) is leading Pepsi (33%) in the soft drink market in UP region. If we compare it with Signage or display material than Pepsi has an edge over coke. 2. At this time it is solely depends on the retailer which brand he offers to the consumer. Although the company has been unable to satisfy the retailers. The company must take immediate steps in order to resolve its disputes with these retailers. 3. During this study I found that there is very less issue related with the quality of the product. Most of the issue is arises with the SGA It was also found that the schemes that are brought up in the market by Coke Pepsi after every couple of day is not making any net effect on the sale of Cola, whereas one is cannibalizing others market only. 5. It was also seen that Coke brand is better sold than Pepsi. It is Thumsup, which is making the major difference in the market. 6. The sale in age wise section, it was found that 200ml is sold in all the age groups with same frequency but 300ml is sold mostly in 16 to 45yr. of age group where as CAN is sold in younger generation only. QUESTIONAIRE RED SCORING SHEET RSS FORM Surveyors Name: __________ Outlet Name: ______________ Address: _________________ Channel: ________________ Category (D/G/S): ________________ Class (H/M/L): ___________________________ | | | | | | | | | | KANPUR S. NO. | | POINTS| POINTS| POINTS| VISICOOLER1. Is a coca-cola cooler present? Visicooler/chest cooler. 2. Is the cooler as per standard? 3. Is the vesi cooler in the prime position? 4. Is the visicooler in a working condition? Not working/unclean5. Is the visicooler light working? 6. Is the cooler 100% pure? . Is the cooler brand-order compliant? TOTALAVAILABILITY9. 300 ML (COLA+3)10. Mobile PET (COLA+3)11. Maaza RGB12. CAN (COLA+1)13. MAAZA PET 600ML 1. 2 LTR. 14. 1. 5 LTR. PET (COLA+3)TOTALACTIVATIONE D15. COMBO BRANDS ( AT LEAST 3)16. TENT CARD(MIN 5 OR PRESENT ONALL TABLES17. FLANGE ROAD STANDEE OR GLOWSIGN BOARDGROCERY18. DISPLAY RACK WITH HEADER19. IS THE RACK PURE AND CHARGED20. SHELF DISPLAYCONVENIENCE21. TABLE TOP DISPLAY22 . DPS BOARD, GLOW SIGN ORFLANGE| REMARKS| DELIVERY| CONVENIENCE| GROCERY| GRAND TOTAL SIGNATURE OF SURVEYOR

Population Redistributions Based On Ethnicity Have Defused Intense Riv

Population redistributions based on ethnicity have defused intense rivalries in the recent past, and could be a solution to the internal ethnic crises for nations such as the former Yugoslavia. Currently described by the media as ethnic cleansing, Population redistributions have been the focus of much controversy throughout U.S. and world history. To those affected, Population redistributions can be economically and emotionally devastating. It can also lead to enormous tragedies causing thousands of deaths when conducted in a brutal manner. The results of various population redistributions are examined throughout this paper with the focus on the Japanese Internment camps in the U.S. and the current crises in the former Yugoslavia. There are examples of population transfers that have taken place in the twentieth century. In 1923, Greece and Turkey signed the Treaty of Lausanne. The two rival nations agreed to expel 150,000 Greeks living in Turkey, and 388,000 Turks living in Greece back to their ethnic homelands. Except in Cyprus where the populations remained mixed. Turkey and Greece have not taken up arms against each other again. After World War II eight million people of German ethnicity were expelled from their native communities in Poland and throughout Eastern Europe, due to agreements made by the Allies at the Potsdam Conference. Hundreds of thousands of Germans died or were killed during the transfer due to the brutal manner in which it was carried out. Due to the lack of diversity and conflicting cultures the long-term results of the population transfer have ended internal ethnic problems in Poland since then. Israel expelled their own settlers from occupied land (which is currently the new Palestinia n nation) in order to bring about a lasting peace between the two former rivals. After bombing Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on December 7, 1941, 120,000 Japanese and Japanese-Americans living in Oregon, Washington, California, and Arizona were relocated. They were forced from their homes and put in internment camps for their protection from the rage of the American people and for the sake of national security. Japanese-American internment camps like all issues involving race or war, raises the question of whether or not it was legal and ethical to force Japanese-Americans to move homes and livelihoods in early WWII. It is a difficult and controversial problem. When the decision to relocate thousands of Japanese-Americans was made; the actions were considered to be constitutionally legal and seen by many as necessary. It has been argued as to whether or not it was necessary to put so many innocent people through frustration, suffering, and loss of not only their property but also their freedom. Even before the onset of war, due to the differences in their language, culture, communities, customs, and religion, the Japanese living in America were already alienated from much of society. This made it easier for Americans to justify to themselves the need for a temporary population redistribution of the Japanese-Americans. When the bombing of Pearl Harbor occurred, the American people were afraid of a Japanese attack and of the Japanese living near them on the West Coast. People believed their Japanese-American neighbors were the enemy. Americans were so enraged at Japan that they turned their anger towards Japanese-Americans in the forms of protests, discrimination and violent hatred. The Government, including President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, were pressured by the restlessness of the people, the threat of a Japanese attack, the threat of violence between Americans and Japanese-Americans and the lack of time to take action. Lieutenant General John L. DeWitt was chosen for the job of defending and protecting the West Coast. He became one of the biggest supporters of relocating the Japanese. The FBI began investigating and arresting people along the coast who were suspected of spying for enemy countries. Japanese-Americans were not the only people suspected of spying. Italians and Germans were also investigated and imprisoned. DeWitt received reports of acts of disloyalty to the U.S. and sabotage on the part of Japanese-Americans. He was also inundated with reports of unusual radio activity involving contact with Japanese vessels, of farmers burning their fields in the shapes of markers to aid Japanese pilots, and of fisherman monitoring and relaying to Japan the activity of the U.S. navy. None of these reports were substantiated,

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History of DONG Energy A/S Introduction Established in the year 1972, DONG Energy is the largest of all energy production companies in the country of Denmark. Its headquarters are also situated here, with a significant amount of its work going into the production of energy both on and off land.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on History of DONG Energy A/S specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company was started as a company to provide energy to the state, with the original title of Dansk Naturgas A/S being changed at the beginning of the last decade to its current name DONG, which stands for Dansk Olie org Naturgas A/S. In this case study, research and analysis of the company over a period of ten years or will be done. The case study will make use of the company’s annual reports for 10 years including both primary and secondary sources together with other publicly available sources. Literature Review There is scanty literature detailing th e performance of DONG Energy in the Danish and international markets. The secret to the performance of a company is based on the implementation of the recommendations in most of the case studies done in time. In history, most of the companies that triumphed can be studied to indicate the necessary steps towards profitability (McCraw 1998). Companies should have clear strategies on how they will meet their objectives. This helps in the consolidation of profits in the various operations. According to Micklethwait and Wooldridge (2003), the average performance of a company can be gauged from the financial returns that it posts every year. Methodology The case study will utilise primary and secondary sources to derive the statistical performance of the company through a period of ten years beginning 2002. The use of secondary sources will be significant as it provides information that is not widely available in the literature. Some gaps in the literature concerning the performance of th e company will be analysed using the sources, with the data being quoted in the case study. Qualitative and quantitative research methods will also be utilised in the study, with the different sources being analysed in this form. The information from the literature review and sources will then be presented in a logical and meaningful manner.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Company Analysis The performance of DONG Energy Company over the past decade can be effectively evaluated using the annual reports that the company posts. These have the necessary financial and technical performance indices necessary for the company. In the 2012 annual report, for example, the company prided itself as being among the leaders in the energy business, with the main roles being the procuring production and distribution of energy in the region including energy trade (DONG Energy A/S A nnual Report 2012, p. 2). The company also reported having 7000 employees, with the headquarters still in Denmark. The 7000 employees are an increase from 1,043 it employed in 2004 who were also more than the 996 that were employed in the year 2005 (DONG Energy A/S Annual Report 2005, p. 17). The company reported shareholding as 79.96% for the Danish State, 10.88% for the SEAS-NVE Holding with the rest 9.16% being held by the other shareholders (DONG Energy A/S Annual Report 2012, p. 2). The core activities as indicated for the same year included â€Å"oil and gas exploration and production, construction of wind farms located offshore, generation of electricity from power stations, wholesale activities in the power sector, and distribution of the same† (DONG Energy A/S Annual Report 2012). The company has also seen significant growth in the financial and operation magnitudes, thus ranking among the best performing companies in the industry in the world. In 2012, the component s of power company contributed to a share capital of DKK 2,144 million, with the Equity being 14, 655 million (DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2002). The profit after tax for the same year was DKK 1476 with which represented a poor performance as compared to the previous two years (DONG Energy A/S Annual Report 2002, p. 6). The revenue from the different activities was also not even for activities. Natural gas exploration and mining constituted the largest proportion at 70.2%. This was followed by the exploration and production of energy in general, with this making up 26.7%. The rest of the proportions were made up of oil transportation and renewable energy production among other activities (DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2002, p. 7).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on History of DONG Energy A/S specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the same year of 2002, the total net interest bearing debt was DKK 6,919 million, which ind icates what the financial year closed at (DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2002, p. 23). In terms of liquidity, the company had a total of DKK 3,655 million, with this mainly being the fixed term deposits that the company had made with banks and a part of it being mortgage bonds (DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2002, p. 23). The company also made a few policies based on the risks that it faces in the industry, and these were to be implemented in the years that followed. In the year 2003, the performance was better in terms of profits, with the company making a net profit of DKK 1,941million, which was better compared to the year that followed where the same company reported a net profit of DKK 1,881 million (DONG Energy A/S Annual Report 2004, p. 5). The year 2004 was however an improvement, with the non-recurring income being as high as DKK 647 million (DONG Energy A/S Annual Report 2004, p. 5). This can be attributed to the profits that were gotten from the revaluation of one of the co mpanies that was a major shareholder, which improved to a share value of DKK 562 million with an observed reversal of some of the previous write-downs (DONG Energy A/S Annual Report 2004, p. 5). As stated above, there was a drop in the net profit for the year 20004 compared to the previous year. Some of the reasons for the observation include loss of the company’s market share in its home country of Denmark, the hedging of oil, and the USD exchange rate exposure. The charge in exploration also depreciated for the year compared to the previous year (DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2004, p. 5). The year 2004 had some of the significant mergers that the company has engaged in, with Elsam and DONG embarking on working together in electricity generation and distribution. The company thus enjoyed large shareholdings in Elsam. This contributed to the rapid expansion seen in the year. As a result of the merger and other activities that the company undertook in the year 2004, profits im proved, with the year 2005 having an observed profit after tax of DKK 2, 818 million (DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2005, p. 5). The non-recurring income was also a departure from the one reported in the year 2004, which stood at DKK 360 million (DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2005, p. 5).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This was a reduction from the previous year’s value of DKK 889 million. The better performance of the company could be attributed to several factors, with one of the most significant being the better performance of the price of oil on the international front for the same year. There were also significant reductions in the exploration costs in the same year, which prompted a record profit margin for the company (DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2005, p. 5). The company continued its expansion into the electricity sector, with its partnership with Elsam continuing together with the introduction of new partnerships with companies such as Energi E2 and Nesa (DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2005, p. 5). The transition from the year 2005 to 2006 had some of the greatest of changes in the company, with the same being reflected on the performance at the end of the year 2006. As indicated above, the company had 1,018 employees in its payroll. This figure changed significantly to 4,585 empl oyees for the year 2006 (DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2006, p. 3). The revenue rose from that recorded in the year 2005 in the exploration and production as well as other activities that the company performed. In 2006, the exploration and production revenue stood at DKK 5,556 million, which was a marked improvement from the DKK 4, 346 million that was reported for the previous year as stated above (DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2006, p. 3). The revenue from energy generation also improved from DKK 114 million in 2005 to a total of DKK 7,620 million for the year 2006 (DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2006, p. 3). The other observed change in the year 2006 was in the size of assets, with these totalling to DKK 105 billion, which was an improvement from the previous DKK 47 billion in 2005 (DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2006. p. 4). Distribution revenue that the company gets from distributing power and gas across the continent grew from DKK 857 million to DKK 2,560 million for the year 20 06, with the market revenue growing to DKK 24,114 from the previous 13, 885 million (DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2006, p. 4). In general, the company grew in 2006 to reach the current heights. This was attributed to the relative profitability in the industry at the time, networking, and expansion that the company enjoyed during this period. The year 2007 was also a continuous improvement year for the company, with the generation part raising about DKK 12,335 million in revenue, which was an improvement from the DKK 7,682 million that was reported the previous year of 2006 (DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2007, p. 4). The exploration and generation part also had improved profits, with revenue of DKK 4,869 million being reported as an improvement from DKK 5,556 million in the year 2006 (DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2007, p. 4). The distribution revenue rose from DKK 2,560 million in 2006 to DKK 4,520 million that was almost double in 2007 (DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2007, p. 4). T he market revenue, however, remained constant at DKK 24,583 million, with only about DKK 277 million improvements from the previous value of DKK 24,306 million (DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2007, p. 4). The year 2007 was also marked by various trade agreements with some of the related companies. The milestones in the year include the agreements with Wingas GmbH and other companies such as Wintershall Holding AG and the acquisition of Conoco Philips company (DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2007, p. 3). The company increased its offshore wind farms, increased its revenue by selling some of its activities in Portugal and Spain, and started production of gas from the Ormen Lange gas fields that it owned a significant proportion in shareholding (DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2007, p. 3). The marked growth continued in the year 2008, with growth in revenue in all the sections that the company prides itself as owning. In the exploration and production sector, for example, the revenue grew f rom the DKK 4,409 million recorded in the year 2007 to a record DKK 7,114 million (DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2008, p. 2; DONG Energy A/, 2008). The generation part of the company also grew from DKK 12,358 million to DKK 15,298 million, with the energy markets growing from the DKK 20,262 for the year 2007 to the 2008 value of DKK 38,087 million (DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2008, p. 2). The same growth was seen in the sales and distribution sector, with this reporting a record DKK 15,595 million from the previous DKK14, 552 million (DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2008, p. 2). The revenues by proportion included 50% from the energy and production part, 21% from the sales and distribution section, 20% from the generation and the remainder 9% being contributed by the exploration and production part (DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2008, p. 5) In the year 2009, some of the important highlights of the company include the discovery of gas in the Glenlivet, with a license being obtained f or the same (2009, p. 39). The company also signed one of the most important agreements in the energy production sector, with an agreement between it and Siemens constituting the largest offshore wind turbine agreement ever (DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2009, p. 44). It also sold its shares in the Walney wind project to the SSE, thus ending its minority stake in the same project (DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2009, p. 44). With the sale of the stake in this project, the company further acquired 25%shares in another offshore wind project dubbed Lincs (DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2009, p. 44; DONG Energy AS Wind Energy Market Analysis, 2009). Some of the other developments include the creation of more offshore wind farms, selling of its fibrotic network, and selling of shares in the Swedegas Company (DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2009). The company however scored poorly financially, with a reduction in revenue generated in all sectors that constitute its operations. In the followin g year of 2010, the company improved and recovered from its previous underperformance. This was marked by a revenue improvement in all sectors that the company operates, with the exploration and production recording a revenue of DKK 8,224 million up from the previous low of 6,579 (DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2010, p. 2). Generation revenue grew from the levels experience in 2009 of DKK 10,818 million to the experienced revenue of DKK 11,330 million (DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2010, p. 2). The energy markets revenue grew from the previous DKK 28,201 million to DKK 31,764 million, with the sales and distribution growing from DKK 13,386 to DKK 14,185 million for the year 2010 DONG Energy A/S Annual report (2010, p. 2). The company continued with its upward growth for the year 2011, with the revenues improving and surpassing all sectors and operations. The company also had some remarkable performance on the international front by engaging in bilateral agreements and making trade ag reements. In the exploration and production sector, the company got DKK 10,469 million in revenue, which was an improvement from the previous year (DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2011, p. 4). The energy markets also stabilised, with the revenue significantly improving to DKK 33,689.million (DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2011, p. 4). In the sales and distribution sector, the company got DKK 13,009 million in revenue as an improvement from the previous years of DKK 14,185 million, with other activities being additive to the total revenues (DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2011, p. 4). The year 2012 was marked by improvement in some of the quarters although with marked losses for the year (DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2012, p. 2; DONG Energy A/S SWOT Analysis, 2012). The company reported losses in the year. These amounted to DKK 4,021 million (DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2012, p. 2). For the year 2013, the financial estimates favour the positive performance of the company, with the firs t quarter performing better than the previous year’s quarter (DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2013, p. 2). The performance for the year also indicates that the company will perform better that the previous years. The enhanced performance is also indicated by the figures in the pricing of the main commodity that is oil. Industrial Competition The company has grown in various areas. In the past decade, it has managed to overcome competition both locally and internationally. The industry is competitive on the global. Several companies are well established in the field. The performance of DONG Energy has maintained a steady rise in profitability and size despite the international competition. It has maintained its position as the largest company in Denmark in the same industry. The performance for the year 2007 was particularly affected by the industrial competition at the time, with the continuous improvement over the years being cut short (DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2007, p. 4 ). The same trend was experienced for the year 2011, with the company recording some poor performance because of the advancing competition (DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2011; Energy Companies, 2012). Conclusion In conclusion, DONG Energy is one of the best performing energy exploration and production companies in the world. It is the largest in Denmark. The company has performed positively over the last decade as analysed in the review. This may indicate a working strategy adopted by the management. The trend is an upward one for the better part of the decade, only being interrupted by a single slowing in development in 2007. The analysis proves that the company is ready to be the best in the world within the energy production and distribution. References DONG Energy A/S 2008, DONG Energy A/S SWOT Analysis, The Danish Wind Energy Industry, Denmark. DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2002, Company Report, The Danish Wind Energy Industry, Denmark. DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2004, Compa ny Report, The Danish Wind Energy Industry, Denmark. DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2005, Company Report, The Danish Wind Energy Industry, Denmark. DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2006, Company Report, The Danish Wind Energy Industry, Denmark. DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2007, Company Report, The Danish Wind Energy Industry, Denmark. DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2008, Company Report, The Danish Wind Energy Industry, Denmark. DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2009, Company Report, The Danish Wind Energy Industry, Denmark. DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2010, Company Report, The Danish Wind Energy Industry, Denmark. DONG Energy A/S Annual report’ 2011, Company Report, The Danish Wind Energy Industry, Denmark. DONG Energy A/S Annual report 2012, Company Report, The Danish Wind Energy Industry, Denmark. DONG Energy A/S SWOT Analysis 2012, DONG Energy A/S SWOT Analysis, The Danish Wind Energy Industry, Denmark. DONG Energy A/S Wind Energy Market Analysis 2009, M2presswire, The Danish W ind Energy Industry, Denmark. DONG Financials for 2013, The Danish Wind Energy Industry, Denmark. Energy Companies 2012, Global Energy Market Research: Denmark, The Danish Wind Energy Industry, Denmark. McCraw, T 1998, Creating Modern Capitalism: How Entrepreneurs, Companies, and Countries Triumphed in Three Industrial Revolutions Cambridge, Harvard University Press, Mass. Micklethwait, J Wooldridge, A 2003, The Company: a Short History of a Revolutionary Idea, Modern Library, New York.